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- A avaliação das aprendizagens em língua estrangeira em ambientes virtuais:práticas e reflexões na Universidade AbertaPublication . Martins, Margarida; Marques, Isabelle Simões; Göttsche, Katja; Setién, AnaOs cursos de 1.º ciclo em língua estrangeira da Universidade Aberta caracterizam-se por oferecer aos estudantes um alto grau de flexibilidade e versatili-dade na gestão do conteúdo, dos materiais e do próprio estudo na plataforma Moodle. De acordo com o Modelo Pedagógico Virtual da Universidade Aberta, o ensino-aprendizagem em ambientes virtuais baseia-se no princípio da aprendizagem centrada no estudante, bem como na promoção da autonomia e na interação multidirecional. Como docentes de língua estrangeira, estamos cientes de que os processos de ava-liação são caracterizados por uma série de particularidades motivadas pelo contexto de aprendizagem. Neste trabalho pretendemos descrever o modelo de avaliação das Unidades Curriculares (UC) de Língua Estrangeira na Universidade Aberta, bem como as alterações e práticas pedagógicas implementadas nas mesmas com o objetivo de tornar a avaliação o mais formativa e expressiva possível. Existe a necessidade de integrar de forma coerente, fluida e produtiva todos os elementos que fazem parte do processo de aquisição de uma língua estrangeira no ensino a distância, respeitando o modelo pedagógico, que defende uma avaliação contínua e formativa nas UC de língua estrangeira. Além disso, as docentes pretendem, com a implementação dessas práticas, promover a consolidação da comunidade de aprendizagem que garanta a durabilidade do conteúdo assimilado.
- Case studies of literary multilingualism: expressing alterity in a self-referential recourse to the motif of the doublePublication . Bär, GeraldMany authors such as Chamisso, Conrad, Kafka, Rilke, Andreas-Salomé and Pessoa grew up bi- or multilingual, or lived in linguistically and culturally hybrid regions. Several of these writers have fictionalized their cultural encounters not only in their ‘mother-tongue’, but in the language of their region’s socially dominant population or in their host country’s language. Some have successfully translated their own works, gaining thus a valuable awareness of themselves and of the host culture. My contribution focuses on the common tendency of these authors to develop new concepts of the self, by exploring the frontiers of alterity. In a social context, which is often experienced as uncomfortable, or even threatening, the strangeness of their literary characters, frequently expresses itself in a double- or hetero-social consciousness, articulated in the same narrative. In this creative process, fantasies of fragmentation take the shape of the ‘other’, double selves and heteronyms. In my essay “Fantasies of Fragmentation in Conrad, Kafka and Pessoa: literary strategies to express strangeness in a hetero-social context” (Bär, 2011) of which some parts are quoted here, I have already presented three case studies to illustrate this thesis. In the following I will demonstrate how the literary motif of the ‘Doppelgänger’ was used by other bi- or multilingual authors and its development from a gothic heritage to modernist concepts. In this analysis the awareness of the terminology used to describe the phenomenology of the double and the competence to differentiate is crucial. National critique employs terms, such as ‘Sosie’ and ‘Sósia’ in the French and Portuguese tradition, referring to Plautus’ concept developed in his tragicomedy Amphitryon, or ‘Doppelgänger’ and ‘double self’ used by German, British and American scholars. However tempting it may be to use these terms synonymously the result will be misleading in any international debate about comparative literature. ‘Doppelgänger’ has become an English loanword, although it does not have the same connotations than in German, as the ‘imported’ term carries the uncanny aspects of E.T.A. Hoffmann’s approach. The various translations of Dostoevsky’s Dvoinik (1846), for example, demonstrate the different (and differentiating) perception and interpretation of the phenomenon in diverse linguistic and cultural contexts: in German this novella bears the title Der Doppelgänger; in English it is The Double. French and Portuguese versions use either ‘Le Sosie’ or ‘Le Double’ / ‘O Duplo’ or ‘O Sósia’. Obviously, the emergence of literary fantasies of fragmentation also depends on factors different from those I will be examining in the context of bi-lingual and hetero-social consciousness. Usually, the shape of the double in world literature betrays multiple influences, be they linguistic, social, idiosyncratic or, as in Oscar Wilde’s and Mario de Sá-Carneiro’s case, creative homo-erotic fantasies. In Freudian terms it can be considered a projection of aspects of the super-ego or the id; in a moral-theological approach the double may manifest itself as the bad conscience which occurs mostly in protestant countries where it cannot get relief through confession. Although the double’s habitat includes all literary genres, as well as the cinema and other arts, I will concentrate mainly on prose narratives in this particular study.
- Du roman à la bande dessinée: Flaubert d’après Druillet et SimmondsPublication . Gonçalves, Luís Carlos PimentaEste capítulo estuda duas variações interartísticas de romances de Gustave Flaubert: "Salammbô" reinventado para o universo da banda desenhada por Philippe Druillet nos nos 1980 e "Madame Bovary" metamorfoseada em "Gemma Bovery" por Posy Simmonds numa novela gráfica de 1999, publicada originalmente no diário "The Guardian".
- Entre Paris et Prague: l'art de la ville dans le roman kundérienPublication . Gonçalves, Luís Carlos PimentaPrague, l’ancienne capitale d’empire, est une ville éminemment littéraire où ont vécu des écrivains comme Kafka, Rilke, Hasek, Hrabal ou Kundera dont la renommée contribue à un tourisme qui se veut de plus en plus culturel. Il suffit d’ailleurs de lire les pages que les guides de voyage consacrent à Kafka pour s’en convaincre. Capitale littéraire, Prague est le lieu privilégié de rencontres entre auteurs comme on le verra notamment à propos d’Apollinaire.
- Études françaises et francophones au Portugal: péril en la demeurePublication . Gonçalves, Luís Carlos PimentaJ’examinerai tout d’abord les relations ancestrales entre le Portugal et la France, puis les origines de l’étude du français, puis l’enseignement de la langue dans le primaire et le secondaire et finalement j’évoquerai les Études françaises et francophones dans le supérieur.
- Film Noir and the Folding of America: a Reading of Out of the Past (1947) and Impact (1949)Publication . Childs, Jeffrey ScottIn his well-known work Le Plis: Leibniz et le baroque (1988), Gilles Deleuze proposes that the fold be understood as the central, “operative” concept of the Baroque, arguing that this figure allows us to grasp the seemingly paradoxical projection of space as differentiation-within-extension—i.e. as a continuous plane within which the fold itself produces both a dialectic of visibility and invisibility and radical juxtapositions. The relevance of this concept—and indeed of the Baroque in general—for the study of film noir has received scant attention, but it is precisely this figure that best articulates noir’s doubling of America into a region of shadows and hazy outlines, on one hand, and a land marked by clarity, transparency, and conspicuously marked boundaries. In this paper, I propose to establish the relevance of this concept for film noir through a comparative analysis of two of its manifestations: Jacques Tourneur’s Out of the Past (1947) and Arthur Lubin’s Impact (1949). The uncanny similarities between these two films—which tend to operate not on the level of plot but rather within the matrix of ideas that generate symbolic interest in the turns and outcomes of plot—suggest not a linear process of influence or homage but rather a convergence in the doubling of film noir’s relationship to its other space, its “other” America. Though referenced repeatedly in film noir, this other America is, in the films of Tourneur and Lubin, projected in concrete and overlapping forms, thus providing an occasion for an analysis of this space itself and of its relationship to the dominant space(s) of film noir.
- Genre and gender: ossianic poetry from oral tradition to national epic and lyrical dramaPublication . Bär, GeraldIn the case of Macpherson’s Ossianic publications the ambiguity of translation and authorship and the authenticity debate play an important role. The editorial history of these epic poems and their reception abroad emphasize translation. In this essay I want to concentrate on the ‘voice’ of women translators, implicit genre and gender expectations and on some aspects of transmediation.
- Giono: la guerre, la paix, l’epidémiePublication . Gonçalves, Luís Carlos PimentaL’expérience de la guerre de 14-18 marque à jamais Jean Giono, mobilisé entre 1915 et 1919, gazé, bien que légèrement, meurtri par la disparition d’amis et de proches. De cette épreuve naît une profonde aversion à l’égard de la guerre et des discours patriotiques qui se traduira aussi bien par des écrits pacifistes dans l’entre-deux-guerres (Lettre aux paysans sur la pauvreté et la paix, Refus d’obéissance, Précisions) que par des textes de fiction comme la nouvelle de 1925, « Ivan Ivanovitch Kossiakoff » ou le roman de 1931, Le Grand troupeau. Publié en 1951, Le Hussard sur le toit, dont le thème principal est la traversée épique de la Provence en 1838 par un jeune hussard italien lors d’une épidémie de choléra, entretient une relation analogique étroite avec la guerre. Conflits et épidémies révélant ce qu’il y de meilleur et de pire en l’être humain fonctionnent comme de puissants réactifs qui inspireront l’œuvre de Jean Giono. C’est de ce parcours sous le signe de la guerre et de la paix dont il sera question dans cet article.
- Habiter l’école: l’instituteur dans la fiction et les livres de mémoire (XIXe-XXIe siècles)Publication . Gonçalves, Luís Carlos PimentaCette étude se propose d'observer des représentations des conditions de vie et de travail d'instituteurs aux xlxe et xxe siècles, telles qu'elles apparaissent dans des fictions et dans des récits auto¬biographiques. Elle s'intéresse tout particulièrement à la plus ou moins grande contiguïté des différents espaces au sein de la maison d'école, salle de classe et logement, qui renvoie à la frontière sou¬vent ténue qui sépare temps contraint, temps de loisir et temps physiologique. Habitant l'école au sens littéral et métaphorique, l'instituteur est ainsi simultanément chez lui dans la salle de classe et travaille à domicile en préparant ses cours et en corrigeant des devoirs.
- Icons of supremacy and the birth of an empire: two portraits of Elizabeth IPublication . Relvas, Maria de JesusWhen Portugal and Spain ruled the oceans and took possession of the known world, having divided it into two halves, England occupied a modest insular position, excluded from the big events related to the Discoveries. However, in a short period of time, the nation was to secure a leading place, due to the strategic maritime policy undertaken by Elizabeth I, the monarch who had once been considered the least eligible of the Tudor descendants. In a peculiar context and founded on diverse propaganda policies, namely a munificent emblematic iconography interwoven with literature, the consolidation both of the Tudor Myth and of the Queen’s sovereignty is closely related to the birth of the British Empire. Bearing such matters in mind, I will analyse The Armada Portrait (ca. 1588) and The Ditchley Portrait (ca. 1592), after briefly approaching The Coronation Portrait (ca. 1600), for they constitute the embodiment and materialisation of two powerful icons of supremacy: Elizabeth Tudor and Britannia.
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