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- IDEST: International Database of Emotional Short TextsPublication . Kaakinen, Johanna K.; Werlen, Egon; Kammerer, Yvonne; Acarturk, Cengiz; Aparicio, Xavier; Baccino, Thierry; Ballenghein, Ugo; Bergamin, Per B.; Castells Gómez, Núria; Costa, Armanda; Falé, Isabel; Mégalakaki, Olga; Ruiz Fernandez, SusanaWe introduce a database (IDEST) of 250 short stories rated for valence, arousal, and comprehensibility in two languages. The texts, with a narrative structure telling a story in the first person and controlled for length, were originally written in six different languages (Finnish, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, and Turkish), and rated for arousal, valence, and comprehensibility in the original language. The stories were translated into English, and the same ratings for the English translations were collected via an internet survey tool (N = 573). In addition to the rating data, we also report readability indexes for the original and English texts. The texts have been categorized into different story types based on their emotional arc. The texts score high on comprehensibility and represent a wide range of emotional valence and arousal levels. The comparative analysis of the ratings of the original texts and English translations showed that valence ratings were very similar across languages, whereas correlations between the two pairs of language versions for arousal and comprehensibility were modest. Comprehensibility ratings correlated with only some of the readability indexes. The database is published in osf.io/9tga3, and it is freely available for academic research.
- Searching for behavioral correlates of text complexity in readingPublication . Falé, Isabel; Luegi, Paula; Costa, ArmandaResearch on reading attempts to encompass the connection between linguistic proprieties of the reading materials and the cognitive processes for written language processing. Following studies on reading comprehension and fluency using either silent or oral reading, we are now deepening the relation between behavioral outputs – eye movements and prosody - collected in a reading aloud task. We conducted an experiment where 17 adult native speakers of European Portuguese were instructed to read aloud two texts. We put the hypothesis that there will be a strong connection between text complexity, integrative processes and eyes and vocal behavior. To verify the effect of reading complexity, we prepared two passages representing two poles in a scale of complexity. The texts differ in theme and vocabulary, concerning topic familiarity and word frequency, being alike in syntactic and informational structures. Eye movements were registered with an SMI IVIEW X™ HI-SPEED system, and reading speech was recorded with a Logitech® Webcam Pro 9000. First fixation, first pass and total reading time (for eye movement’s analysis), and vowel stressed duration (VSD) and F0 (for prosody analysis) were taken from two critical loci: words in a syntactic boundary (right edge of the clause) and informational boundary (before a period). Results show significant wrap-up effects in information boundaries either in an increase of first pass and total reading times, as in VSD in the most complex text. We observed eye-voice span effects triggered by words of low frequency, longer size or more complex phonological structure in both texts.
- Leitura em voz alta, movimentos oculares e prosódia: integração de informação sintática e discursivaPublication . Falé, Isabel; Luegi, Paula; Costa, ArmandaEste estudo tem como objetivo relacionar dados de movimentos oculares e leitura em voz alta das propriedades sintáticas e discursivas de textos, a fim de compreender os processos cognitivos durante a leitura para a compreensão. Supondo que na leitura em voz alta há uma estreita interação entre a estrutura da sintaxe e a prosódia de fala, recolhemos dados de eyetracking e produção de fala de 17 oradores femininos do PE durante a leitura de dois textos. Os movimentos oculares e a leitura de fala produzidos simultaneamente foram analisados e os nossos resultados mostram que os olhos e a voz respondem tanto à complexidade do texto quanto aos loci seletivos sintáticos e discursivos, como pontos-chave da integração da informação.
- Reading aloud: eye movements and prosodyPublication . Falé, Isabel; Luegi, Paula; Costa, ArmandaThis study aims to connect data from ocular movements and reading aloud speech to syntactic and discursive properties of texts, in order to understand integrative cognitive processes during reading for understanding and to identify prosodic and eye movements’ indicators of reading fluency. Assuming that in reading aloud there is a close interaction between syntax structure and speech prosody, we collected eye movements and reading speech data from 17 native EP speakers. Eye movements and reading speech produced simultaneously were analyzed and our results show that eyes and voice are both responsive to text complexity and to syntactic and discursive critical loci, as key points of information integration.
- Prosodic and visual indicators for linguistic processing in reading aloudPublication . Falé, Isabel; Luegi, Paula; Costa, ArmandaIn this study, we hypothesize that eye movements tracking simultaneous with reading aloud can reinforce evidences of behaviors markers of linguistic processing. In fact, reading aloud speech can reveal prosodic indicators of structure building, working as a window to access cognitive processes of information integration. Data from an experiment on reading aloud by 17 adult native speakers of European Portuguese was collected and analyzed. A passage with a technical issue was prepared at both lexical and syntactic levels. Eye movements were registered with an SMI IVIEW X HI-SPEED system, and speech recorded with a Logitech® Webcam Pro 9000. Critical areas for analysis were delimited considering intonational and structural properties. First fixation, first pass and total fixation time, for eye movement's analysis, and stressed vowel duration and F0, for prosodic analysis, were taken from the target word at the right edge of syntactic and prosodic selected unities. Results show that higher prosodic and syntactic boundaries - intonational phrases (IP) and complement phrases (CP) are marked by correlated behaviors from voice and eyes: F0 and total fixation time of target word. We can take these two variables as indicators of end-structure building of unities of high level and possibly of wrap-up effects.
- Reading aloud: eye movements and prosodyPublication . Falé, Isabel; Luegi, Paula; Costa, ArmandaThis study aims to connect data from ocular movements and reading aloud speech to syntactic and discursive properties of texts, in order to understand integrative cognitive processes during reading for understanding and to identify prosodic and eye movements’ indicators of reading fluency. Assuming that in reading aloud there is a close interaction between syntax structure and speech prosody, we collected eye movements and reading speech data from 17 native EP speakers. Eye movements and reading speech produced simultaneously were analyzed and our results show that eyes and voice are both responsive to text complexity and to syntactic and discursive critical loci, as key points of information integration.
- Leitura digital ou em papel?: efeitos do suporte na compreensãoPublication . Costa, Armanda; Falé, Isabel; Direção Geral de EducaçãoA discussão sobre o que se lê e quanto se lê, sobre o como se lê e que vantagens se tira do suporte de leitura, dificilmente conduz a consensos. É que ler é uma atividade de uma complexidade cognitiva alta, as tarefas de leitura são diversas como são os objetivos que as guiam, os materiais de leitura são muito distintos entre si. E a sociedade atual, com os seus avanços tecnológicos, muda inelutavelmente os contextos de leitura onde quatro variáveis interagem para introduzir uma imensa variabilidade nas apreciações sobre a leitura hoje: Leitor, Texto, Tarefa de Leitura e Contexto.