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- Towards an immersive learning knowledge tree: a conceptual framework for mapping knowledge and tools in the fieldPublication . Beck, Dennis; Morgado, Leonel; Lee, Mark; Gütl, Christian; Dengel, Andreas; Wang, Minjuan; Warren, Scott; Richter, JonathonThe interdisciplinary field of immersive learning research is scattered. Combining efforts for better exploration of this field from the different disciplines requires researchers to communicate and coordinate effectively. We call upon the community of immersive learning researchers for planting the Knowledge Tree of Immersive Learning Research, a proposal for a systematization effort for this field, combining both scholarly and practical knowledge, cultivating a robust and ever-growing knowledge base and methodological toolbox for immersive learning. This endeavor aims at promoting evidence-informed practice and guiding future research in the field. This paper contributes with the rationale for three objectives: 1) Developing common scientific terminology amidst the community of researchers; 2) Cultivating a common understanding of methodology, and 3) Advancing common use of theoretical approaches, frameworks, and models.
- Educational practices and strategies with immersive learning environments: mapping of reviews for using the metaversePublication . Beck, Dennis; Morgado, Leonel; O'shea, PatrickThe educational metaverse promises fulfilling ambitions of immersive learning, leveraging technology-based presence alongside narrative and/or challenge-based deep mental absorption. Most reviews of immersive learning research were outcomes-focused, few considered the educational practices and strategies. These are necessary to provide theoretical and pedagogical frameworks to situate outcomes within a context where technology is in concert with educational approaches. We sought a broader perspective of the practices and strategies used in immersive learning environments, and conducted a mapping survey of reviews, identifying 47 studies. Extracted accounts of educational practices and strategies under thematic analysis yielded 45 strategies and 21 practices, visualized as a network clustered by conceptual proximity. Resulting clusters “Active context”, “Collaboration”, “Engagement and Scaffolding”, “Presence”, and “Real and virtual multimedia learning” expose the richness of practices and strategies within the field. The visualization maps the field, supporting decision-making when combining practices and strategies for using the metaverse in education, highlights which practices and strategies are supported by the literature, and the presence and absence of diversity within clusters.
- Immersive learning environments: theory and research instrumentsPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Beck, Dennis
- Immersive learning environments for delf-regulation of learning: a literature reviewPublication . Pedrosa, Daniela; Morgado, Leonel; Beck, DennisSelf-regulation of learning (SRL) plays a decisive role in learning success but characterizing learning environments that facilitate development of SRL skills constitutes a great challenge. Given the growing interest in Immersive Learning Environments (ILE), we sought to understand how ILE are built with attention to SRL, via a literature review of pedagogical uses, practices and strategies with ILE that have an explicit focus on SRL. From a final corpus of 25 papers, we collected 134 extracts attesting use of ILE for SRL. We classified and mapped them using the Beck, Morgado & O’Shea framework and its three dimensions of the immersion phenomenon: system, narrative and challenge. There is a predominance of uses of ILE for SRL aligned with Challenge-based immersion: Skill Training, Collaboration, Engagement, and Interactive Manipulation and Exploration. In contrast, uses aligned with System-based immersion (Emphasis, Accessibility, Seeing the Invisible) were not identified. There were few cases of use of Narrative-based immersion. Uses combining the three dimensions of immersive had residual prevalence. We concluded that there is greater tendency in studies of SRL in ILE to enact active roles (aligned with the Challenge dimension of immersion). The low prevalence of Narrative immersion and System immersion evidence gaps in the diversity of pedagogical uses of ILE to develop SRL, which indicate opportunities for research and creation of innovative educational practices.
- Finding the gaps about uses of immersive learning environments: a survey of surveysPublication . Beck, Dennis; Morgado, Leonel; O'shea, PatrickAdvancing the field of research in Immersive Learning Environments requires avoiding the pitfalls of previous educational technologies. Studies must consider the actual use of these environments and the context where it occurs, not simply the technocentric perspectives on these environments. This paper provides an overview and analysis of surveys on this topic, in order to map the field and find out which information on actual uses of Immersive Learning Environments are reported, and hence which gaps need to be covered towards a robust, encompassing knowledge on their relationship with learning. Collected accounts of use were clustered via thematic analysis and contrasted with research areas in learning and technology, highlighting the gaps in the field and serving as a blueprint for research agendas on uses of immersive learning environments.
- Unifying protocols for conducting systematic scoping reviews with application to immersive learning researchPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Beck, DennisThe progress of immersive learning research as a field requires a clear vision of its status, of the current knowledge being produced and of the open problems and gaps. Typical survey efforts however suffer from lack of systematization, providing a scattered perspective of the field. We have combined the literature on conducting systematic scoping reviews and applied it to the field, presenting the resulting protocol. It contributes a clarification on the sequence of steps and processes for delineating a gap, finding the evidence and depart from it to conduct literature reviews.
- Assessment and tracking of learning activities on a remote computer networking laboratory using the Inven!RA ArchitecturePublication . Grilo, Ricardo; Baptista, Ricardo; Schlemmer, Eliane; Gütl, Christian; Beck, Dennis; Coelho, António; Morgado, LeonelAssessment and tracking of activities in non-traditional contexts, such as immersive environments, is a complex and timeconsuming process for instructors. This limits the widespread adoption of immersive environments, since the consequences of those constraints are lack of awareness for orchestration of learning, and lack of elements for assessment. The Inven!RA architecture proposes tackling this problem by collecting status and outcome analytics from multiple immersive activities into a single learning plan, where they are mapped to learning objectives. This enables the creation of learning dashboards for instructors and students, to support their awareness and assessment, enabling learning orchestration and self-regulation of learning. We present an implementation of the Inven!RA architecture in a platform linked to a remote computer networking laboratory, exemplifying how the architecture can achieve its purported goals.
- Recommendation tool for use of immersive learning environmentsPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Torres, Manuel; Beck, Dennis; Torres, Fernanda; Almeida, António; Simões, Ana; Ramalho, Filipa; Coelho, AntónioIn the field of immersive learning, instructors often find it challenging to match their pedagogical approaches and content knowledge with specific technologies. Unfortunately, this usually results in either a lack of technology use or inappropriate use of some technologies. Teachers and trainers wishing to use immersive learning environments face a diversity of technological and pedagogical alternatives. To scaffold educators in their planning of immersive learning educational activities, we devised a recommendation tool, which maps educational context variables to the dimensions of immersion and uses educators’ contexts to identify the closest educational uses. Sample educational activities for those uses are then presented, for various types of educational methodologies. Educators can use these samples to plan their educational activities in line with their current resources or to innovate by pursuing entirely different approaches.
- Exploring the future of immersive educationPublication . Callaghan, Victor; Gardner, Michael; Peña-Rios, Anasol; Beck, Dennis; Gütl, Christian; Morgado, Leonel; Richter, Jonathon; Wu, Hsuan-YiThis extended abstract describes the #iLRN16_SFP workshop which opened the iLRN'16 conference held in Santa Barbra, California USA from the 27th June to the 1st July 2016. The main focus of the workshop was exploring future trends and expectations for research into immersive learning. The event was a collaboration between the Creative Science Foundation and the Immersive Learning Research Network.
- Immersive learning researchPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Allison, Colin; Beck, Dennis; Penicheiro, FilipeWelcome to the Journal of Universal Computer Science (J.UCS) special issue organized by the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN) following the 2017 iLRN conference. This issue includes eight papers on the focused topic "Immersive Learning Research", including extended versions of papers presented at iLRN 2017 and articles from the public call for papers.