Linguística | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals
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- AQUA-motion domain and metaphorization patterns in European Portuguese: AQUA-motion metaphor in AERO-motion and abstract domainsPublication . Batoréo, HannaThe AQUA-motion verbs – as studied by Majsak & Rahilina 2003 and 2007, Lander, Majsak & Rahilina [2005] 2008, 2012 and 2013, and Divjak & Lemmens 2007, and in European Portuguese (EP) by Batoréo, 2007, 2008, 2009; Batoréo et al., 2007; Casadinho, 2007 – allow typically metaphorical uses, which we postulate can be organized in patterns. Our study shows that in European Portuguese there are two metaphorization patterns to be observed: (i) AQUA-motion metaphor in AERO-motion domain and (ii) AQUA-motion metaphor in abstract domain (e.g. abundance, arts, politics, etc.). In the first case, where the target domain of the metaphorization is the air, in EP we navigate through a crowd or we float in a waltz, whereas in the second, where it is abstract, we swim in money or in blood, and politicians navigate at sea or face floating currency in finances. In the present paper we survey the EP verbs of AQUA-motion metaphors in non-elicited data from electronically available language corpora (cf. Linguateca). In some cases comparisons are made with typologically diferent languages (as, e.g. Polish, cf. Prokofjeva’s 2007, Batoréo 2009).
- Cognitive and lexical characteristics of motion in liquid medium: AQUA-motion verbs in typologically different languagesPublication . Batoréo, HannaIn the present paper we survey the verbs speakers use most frequently to encode the movement of a non-liquid Figure in or on a liquid Ground (AQUA-motion verbs). Our main data come from European Portuguese (EP) (cf. Batoréo, 2007; Batoréo et al., 2007; Casadinho, 2007), and our results are mainly based on non-elicited data from electronically available language corpora of native EP speakers and contrasted with traditional Portuguese dictionary data (cf. Majsak, 2007). The EP results obtained are discussed within a lexical field AQUAmotion, as presented and characterized in Lander, Maisak, & Rakhilina (2005) and Majsak & Rahilina (2003, 2007) as well as discussed for some particular languages in Arad (2007) and Divjak & Lemmens (2007). They are approached also within a broader context of the typology of lexicalization patterns in the sense of Talmy 1985, 2000 (cf. Batoréo, 2000 for EP). The tri-partition proposed for the AQUA-motion field by distinguishing Sailing, Swimming and Floating verbs will be revisited. Approaching both physical and metaphorical meanings in EP, the contrasts discussed are between the Floating verbs ‘flutuar’ vs. ‘boiar’ and the swimming one ‘nadar’, as well as the rich SAILING area with its prototypical verb ‘navegar’. The basic parameters to be discussed are: (i) the nature of the moving figure, (ii) the nature of motion (passive vs. active, directed vs. non-directed, motion and containment), (iii) the nature of the metaphorical projection (e.g. AERO-motion and abstract domains), proving that languages may differ in predictable ways not only in grammar but also in lexicon.
- Construções com pronomes locativos (Loc) do tipo LocV e VLoc no PB e no PE: correspondências e distinçõesPublication . Oliveria, Mariangela Rios de; Batoréo, HannaO presente artigo tem por objectivo a descrição e a análise de expressões verbais formadas por pronomes locativos, interpretadas como instanciações de dois padrões construcionais, LocV e VLoc, a funcionar na conexão textual (como 'aí vem' e 'lá vai'), e na marcação discursiva (como 'vá lá' e 'olha aqui'). Procede-se à abordagem das referidas expressões no PB e no PE, focalizando correspondências e distinções. Sob a orientação teórica da linguística centrada no uso, com base no Funcionalismo e no Cognitivismo, na linha de Traugott e Trousdale (2013), Bybee (2010), Goldberg (2006), entre outros, constata-se que as duas variedades trilham caminhos análogos apesar de apresentarem distinções de uso. Os resultados apontam no sentido de que a gramaticalização de construções, a depender da norma – PB ou PE – , pode assumir traços mais específicos, com distinção de visibilidade e de ritmo ao nível das mudanças construcionais, em função das motivações pragmáticas e estruturais específicas.
- Events of motion and Talmyan typology: verb-framed and satellite-framed patterns in PortuguesePublication . Batoréo, Hanna; Ferrari, LilianThis paper discusses the classical Talmyan proposal (Talmy, 1985, 2000) on events of motion and lexicalization patterns, which classifies languages as verb-framed and satellite-framed. The research is based on corpus data of European Portuguese (EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP), and focuses on COSTA-motion events, which imply movement along/ towards an area of land bordering on a water basin. It is shown that these motion patterns may be encoded by: a) denominal lexicalized verbs such as (a)beirar, margear, acostar, and b) satellite-framed patterns of the type [V + preposition + COSTA Noun], in which the noun may be instantiated by costa ‘coast’, margem ‘margin’ or beira ‘edge’. Our analysis challenges the assumption that Portuguese is a(n) (exclusively) verb-framed language by showing that while the verb-framed pattern is stronger in BP, EP seems to be moving toward satellite-framing. These results indicate different typological tendencies in the development of Portuguese as a pluricentric language.
- Expressão do movimento em água (AQUA-Motion) no Português Europeu: contribuição para tipologia lexicalPublication . Batoréo, HannaPropomo-nos, no presente trabalho, analisar alguns dos paradigmas de lexicalização que se observam no Português Europeu na descrição tipológica do MODO como o MOVIMENTO é efectuado (Cf. Talmy, 1975, 1985 e 2000; Batoréo [1996] 2000). Os referidos paradigmas dizem respeito a um campo lexical restrito de verbos que referem movimento efectuado em água − e, por extensão, em qualquer meio líquido −, designado na literatura de especialidade por AQUA-motion (cf. Lander, Maisak & Rakhilina 2005, Lemens & Divjak e Arad, no prelo). Com a análise efectuada com base nos dados provenientes dos corpora linguísticos disponibilizados electronicamente, procura demonstrar-se que as línguas naturais diferem de um modo estruturado e previsível não apenas a nível estritamente gramatical, mas também a nível do seu léxico (Newman 1997, 2002).
- Metaphorical competence in multilingual context of language acquisition and learningPublication . Batoréo, HannaIt has been defended since Gibbs (1994) that in proper contexts people mostly use the metaphorical asset of a message rather than its literal meaning, which means that in a proper communicative context we express ourselves metaphorically and that metaphors are features of communicative interaction. In the present paper we discuss the notion of metaphorical competence (Aleshtar & Dowlatabadi 2014: 1895) in the process of multilingual acquisition and learning. This competence goes beyond other competences, such as communicative or linguistic, a speaker has to master when (s)he wants to speak a new non-native language. Thus, the importance of metaphorical competence implies that a speaker should not only be linguistically and communicatively appropriate but also conceptually appropriate. Based on previous studies by Sinha and Jansen (2004), Kövecses (2005), Palmer & Sharifian (2007), Gibbs & Colston (2012) and Sharifian (2015), among others, we defend that research in the area should be centred not exclusively on Language but on interaction in a triangle Cognition – Language – Culture. This interaction is embodied, which means the way we conceptualise the world is based on body and bodily experience mediated by culture, giving origin to physiological and/or cultural embodiment. In this study we present research from different language backgrounds both from occidental cultures (giving examples from European Portuguese, English and Polish) and oriental ones (Mandarin Chinese). We centre our analysis on conceptualization of emotions (for instance, manifested in the case of emotional expression of feeling hungry) and moral values (such as courage). This implies both physiological and cultural embodiment, giving evidence of differences that can be observed in mapping of different organs – such as heart or gallbladder – in different cultures into different emotions and values (cf. Yu 2003, 2007, 2009; Batoréo 2017a, b & c). We defend that in a multilingual context conceptual appropriateness in metaphorical competence and metaphor awareness play a fundamental role in the acquisition of figurative language (cf. Doiz & Elizari 2013). Figurative language is understood to be (at least, partially) motivated, and thus object of (partially) insightful learning (cf. Boers 2001, Boers et al. 2004, 2007).
- Perspective point (viewpointing) and events of motion in European PortuguesePublication . Batoréo, HannaWe postulate that human cognition is not only rooted in the human body, but also inherently viewpointed in language, as defended by Dancygier & Sweetser 2012. We defend that we are dealing with a special sort of location of perspective point underlying events of motion, placing one’s “mental eye” to look out over the rest of the scene, as formalized by Talmy (2000, 1: 68, 216). In the present paper we shall discuss three different locations of perspective point (viewpointing) underlying events of motion in Portuguese: two of them are distinct motion perspectivizations in European Portuguese (EP), one physical and one fictive (both of them different from the Brazilian Portuguese (BP) usages), and the last one is the Portuguese systemic time-as-space perspectivization of the organization of a week unit of time. In the case of physical motion, and its metaphorical extention(s), we focus on some conceptual and contextual specificities underlying the EP expression ‘ao fundo’ (at/to the bottom; also: at/to the end) when used in space directions, where the prototypical vertical reference to depth gives place to (i) non-directioned, (ii) horizontal or even (iii) deictic viewpointed semantic extentions, indicating the end of the horizontal path getting as far as the speaker’s “mental eye” can reach (Batoréo and Ferrari (in press). In the case of fictive motion, we present two spatial highly polysemic expressions used currently in EP: ‘à frente’ (in front of; also: ahead, after) vs. ‘atrás’ (behind; also: back, at the back, before, above, among others) in the specific context of text construction and production (cf. Batoréo 2000, 2004, Teixeira 2001 and Silva & Batoréo 2011). In the third case, which discusses the Portuguese systemic time-as-space perspectivization, we shall show how the location of different perspective point in the chronological organization of the days of the week changes its conceptualization in Portuguese (i.e., both EP and BP) when compared with other languages.
- Recensão crítica: The language myth: why language is not an instinct?Publication . Batoréo, HannaO livro The Language Myth: Why language is not an instinct?, da autoria de Vyvyan Evans e publicado pela Cambridge University Press, em 2014, é um bestseller linguístico no mundo inteiro, que, desde o momento do seu lançamento, tem vindo a causar um aceso debate nos meios linguísticos, tanto nos sites da internet como ao nível das publicações especializadas da área de Linguística. publicação aqui em destaque – The Language Myth: Why language is not an instinct? – é um livro complexo que permite várias leituras académicas. Por um lado, pode ser considerado, numa primeira leitura, apenas um livro erudito que analisa os mitos linguísticos, tal como vários outros o fizeram antes dele (cf. Bauer & Trudgill 1998). Por outro lado, no entanto, e explicando a grande popularidade que imediatamente ganhou, bem como a controvérsia e o impacto que sofreu, é considerado um livro único no meio académico, que, ao abordar e debater o maior mito linguístico de sempre – o da linguagem como instinto, inerente à teoria da Gramática Universal de Chomsky –, ousou questionar as ideias estabelecidas há muitas décadas em Linguística pela vertente da Gramática Generativa. Partindo da perspectva da Linguística Cognitiva, Vyvyan Evans constrói no seu tratado uma forte, apaixonante e minuciosa refutação dos argumentos chomskianos acerca da natureza, origem e uso linguísticos, criando, assim, um antídoto não só à teoria chomskiana ao nível académico, mas também aos populares livros escolares e universitários, nos quais, há mais de cinquenta anos, se propaga a tese da Gramática Universal e da linguagem como instinto.