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- Chemical and mineralogical characterization of ancient Portuguese ceramic tiles of the first quarter of the XVIIIth centuryPublication . Flor, Pedro; Carvalho, Ana Paula; Vaz, Fátima; Flor, Susana Varela; Esteves, Lurdes; Carvalho, Rosário Salema deThe main objective of the present work is to establish a correlation between the characteristics of the ceramic body of ancient tiles and the workshop where they were made. The work was carried out with tiles from the Museu Nacional do Azulejo collection, but the aim is to study the most important period of the history of tiles in Portugal, the first quarter of the 18th century, the so called Ciclo dos Mestres (Master’s Cycle). In the present work, we make use of SEM-EDS and DRX to determine the major constituents of the ceramic body, as well as to evaluate the procedure used to produce the tiles. Signed and unsigned tiles were used. The analysis of the chemical composition, mineralogical phases, shape and size of particles combined with historical information allowed to conclude that the tiles of the panel Vista de Lisboa (MNAz inv. 1) and Senhora dos Corações have identical global chemical composition but not the same mineralogical characteristics. Two other tiles featuring King Charles II (MNAz inv. 691) and his wife Queen Catherine of Braganza (MNAz inv. 690), present different properties, which indicate another provenience of the clay materials and, probably, another workshop and painter.
- Pintado de branco & negro representava ser todo de pedraria: notas sobre la fiesta y policromía en la entrada triunfal de Felipe III de España em Lisboa em 1619Publication . Flor, Pedro; Soto Caba, Victoria; Solis Alcudia, Isabel
- Geochemial patterns and firing technology research on ceramic glazed tiles from the 17th-20th centuries (Lisbon region, Portugal)Publication . Dias, Isabel M.; Trindade, Maria José; Ribeiro, Leonel; Prudêncio, Maria Isabel; Bispo, Maria Teresa; Trindade, Laura; Flor, Pedro; Flor, Susana Varela; Rocha, Fernando T.A set of 17th – 20th century glazed tiles supplied by the Department of Cultural Heritage tile collection, Lisbon City Hall, is studied in this work. The tiles were described and classified in a chronological point of view and analytical work includes chemical and mineralogical characterization of the ceramic bodies and mortars by instrumental neutron activation analysis and X-ray diffraction. Most tile bodies consist mainly of quartz, gehlenite and calcite in variable proportions; commonly these main phases are accompanied by high temperatures phases, namely wollastonite or diopside, pointing to a Ca- or Mg-rich raw material, and mullite (in one sample) indicating the use of non-carbonated raw materials. Small amounts of K-feldspar and hematite are present in most tiles, whereas analcime, plagioclase, vaterite and cristobalite are found in just a few samples. Chemical composition points to a certain homogeneity within 18th century tile bodies; the 20th century samples analysed are heterogeneous and have a different rare earth elements (REE) pattern, two are enriched in the first transition row elements, pointing to higher amounts of ferromagnesian minerals, and the other has lower amounts of Na, Fe, Cr and Co, and higher of Cs, light rare earth elements (LREE), Th and U suggesting high aluminium silicates content. The 17th century samples have a more heterogeneous chemical composition and higher contents of As and Na, which is explained by the presence of analcime. The ancient tiles have a general depletion of chemical elements, probably due to a dilution effect of the higher calcite content. The mortars are all lime rich, but the 20th century ones have a general enrichment in all elements, and more k-feldspar and mica.
- The adaptation of the main floor of the Palace Melo e Abreu (18th century) to an infirmary of the old asylum of mendicity: history and tile panels compositional characterizationPublication . Flor, Susana Varela; Figueiredo, Catarina; Pilão, Célia; Meco, José; Dias, M. Isabel Marques; Prudêncio, M. Isabel; Trindade, Maria José; Flor, Pedro; Serrão, VítorDue to its sunny location and mild climate, the hill of Sant'Ana in Lisbon was, since early times, the place of construction of religious and civil buildings. In the eighteenth century, near the former Santo António dos Capuchos Convent (later Hospital – HSAC), a Baroque palace was erected and later on rebuilt by the Melo e Abreu family (later Condes de Murça in the 19th century), whose noble rooms were decorated by a set of high quality tiles, concerned with iconographic and plasticity aspects. The transfer of the Melo e Abreu family to the parish of Santos-o-Velho and subsequent founding of the Asilo da Mendicidade, allowed the purchase of the building in order to expand the assistance space. Currently, the palace serves hospital’s needs, with all the constraints resulting from the cohabitation between cultural heritage and professional medical care day life. Thus, Palace Melo e Abreu is a good case study, not only for the functional changes that it has been subjected to, but also for the rehabilitation measures for structural restoration and conservation made over time. For the assessment of its importance in terms of both heritage and scientific history, we will present an interdisciplinary study, including History of Art and Archaeometry; In this work (together with the history of the adaptation of the main floor of the Palace Melo e Abreu to an infirmary of the old asylum of mendacity) a first stage of the archaeometric approach is presented, comprising the compositional characterization (chemical and mineralogical) of both mortar and glazed tile body of selected panels. We believe that this paper will promote a deep reflection about the safeguard and future heritage policies of this kind of Lisbon's hospitals.
- Historiografia da arte do retrato renascentista em PortugalPublication . Flor, Pedro
- Relevos e gravuras num fogão do Palácio Nacional de SintraPublication . Flor, Pedro
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