Sociologia | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals
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Browsing Sociologia | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals by Author "Alves, Fátima"
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- Against the environment: problems in society/nature relationsPublication . Aldeia, João; Alves, FátimaThe dominant manners in which environmental issues have been framed by sociology are deeply problematic. Environmental sociology is still firmly rooted in the Cartesian separation of Society and Nature. This separation is one of the epistemic foundations of Western modernity—one which is inextricably linked to its capitalist, colonial, and patriarchal dimensions. This societal model reifies both humanity and nature as entities that exist in an undeniably anthropocentric cosmos in which the former is the only true actor. Anthropos makes himself and the world around him. He conquers, masters, and appropriates the non-human, turning it into the mere environment of his existence, there solely for his use. If sociology remains trapped in this paradigm it continues to be blind to the multiple space-time specific interrelations of life-elements through which heterogeneous and contingent ontologies of humans and extra-humans are enacted. If these processes of interconnection are not given due attention, the socioecological worlds in which we—human as well as others—live cannot be adequately understood. But misunderstandings are not the only issue at stake. When dealing with life-or-death phenomena such as climate change, to remain trapped inside the Society/Nature divide is to be fundamentally unable to contribute to world reenactments that do not oppress—or, potentially, extinguish—life, both human and extra-human. From the inside of Anthropos’ relation to his environment the only way of conceiving current socioecological problems is by framing them in terms of an environmental crisis which could, hypothetically, be solved by the very same societal model that created it. But if the transformation of some of the world(s)’ life-elements into the environment of the Human is part of the problem, then, socioecological issues cannot be adequately understood or addressed if they are framed as an environmental crisis. Instead, these problems need to be conceived as a crisis of Western modernity itself and of the kind of worlds that are possible and impossible to build within it.
- Climate change policies and agendas: facing implementation challenges and guiding responsesPublication . Alves, Fátima; Leal Filho, Walter; Casaleiro, Paula; Nagy, Gustavo J.; Diaz, Harry; Al-Amin, Abul Quasem; Farooq, Harith; Guerra, José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório de Andrade; Margot, Hurlbert; Klavins, Maris; Saroar, Mustafa; Lorencova, Eliska Krkoska; Suresh, Jain; Soares, Amadeu; Morgado, Fernando; O’Hare, Paul; Wolf, Franziska; Azeiteiro, UlissesClimate policies are essential to mitigate climate change and to develop successful adaptation processes. However, there is a paucity of international studies that analyse the status of climate change policies. This paper reports on research undertaken in a sample of 13 highly diverse countries, in regards to their geography, socioeconomic development, vulnerability elements, adaptation, and climate-risks. The results draw attention to the global spread and standardisation of climate change policies, namely through the adoption of comprehensive National Adaptation Plans/Strategies (NAPs/NASs) that include mitigation measures and evaluation mechanisms. Although NAPs tend to take into account different non-governmental stakeholders, they are still mainly state-centred (i.e. their steering and implementation are the responsibility of each country´s Ministry of the Environment) in most of the 13 countries in which this study was carried out. The results show that NAPs’ objectives mainly reflect more a global agenda and pay less attention to national/regional vulnerabilities and contexts. In fact, despite different socioeconomic levels of development, diverse climate-risks, and dissimilar vulnerability and readiness status among countries, the examined NAPs tend to focus on the same critical sectors and objectives. Notwithstanding their similarities, our results highlight two different logics of adaptation reflected on the NAPs: one focused on economic risks and opportunities, characteristic of developed countries; and others focused on natural resources and conservation, characteristic of developing countries.
- Compreender as racionalidades leigas sobre saúde e doençaPublication . Alves, Fátima; Silva, Luísa Ferreira daA ciência é uma forma de conhecimento que foi instituída como a forma de conhecer a verdade única e universalmente válida, assente nas questões epistemológicas e nos critérios de rigor metodológico. O saber leigo, popular, que preenche a vida e orienta a ação quotidiana, busca o significado através do simbólico cultural, no que é o oposto do conhecimento científico. A questão das possibilidades de conhecimento sobre a realidade social situou o debate nos modos de produção de conhecimento e na consequente contingência dessas mesmas produções, o que sustenta a afirmação de que todas as formas de conhecimentos são válidas nos seus contextos de produção. Em matéria de saúde e doença, a produção sociológica tem desvendado os conteúdos do saber leigo e a sua incontestável presença na experiência individual, desde a percepção dos fenômenos no corpo até a relação com a instituição médica. Este texto parte de uma reflexão sociológica sobre a questão do conhecimento. Em seguida, revê o essencial da literatura sociológica sobre o saber leigo de saúde e doença. Finaliza com uma proposta de compreensão dos processos do saber leigo como racionalidades que, na forma de configurações de elementos interdependentes, sustentam as práticas de saúde na vida quotidiana.
- Da museologia social ao inventário participativo: património, território e desenvolvimentoPublication . Paiva, Isadora; Alves, FátimaNeste artigo, partimos da Museologia Social, para compreender seu lugar nas sociedades atuais e para determinar seu papel no campo da Museologia. Por meio da análise dos modernos processos museológicos e das formas de pensar a museologia de forma integrada aos territórios, culturas locais e identidades, bem como pela pesquisa de novos caminhos da educação museal e patrimonial, pretendemos propor um modelo de Inventário Participativo, harmonizado à ideia de comunidades, espaços e memórias.
- Exploring Portuguese physicians' perceptions of climate change impacts on health: a qualitative studyPublication . Ponte, Nidia; Alves, Fátima; Vidal, Diogo GuedesIntroduction: Health professionals, as primary responders to climate change health impacts, must be wellinformed to effectively communicate adaptation risks and benefits to influence both patients and organizations. This study was undertaken in order to survey how physicians in Portugal understand, explain, and experience the impacts of climate change on health in their clinical practice. Understanding physicians’ knowledge level on this subject also can help determine whether training is needed, and through what educational mechanisms. Material and methods: Using a semi-structured interview script, this study applied a qualitative methodology with interviews of 13 physicians from various medical specialties in Portugal, aged 28 to 73. Results: All participants recognized that human action is the main contributor to climate change, indicating that fossil fuels and overproduction are the main factors responsible for greenhouse gas emissions. They also agreed that climate change affects human health. However, they reported that they find connecting diseases to climate change challenging in their clinical practice, and expressed the need for training on the effects of climate change on health. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that physicians recognized the importance of understanding and communicating the connection between climate change and health in their daily practice, and that failure to recognize these impacts may affect appropriate diagnosis and preparedness for extreme climate events. These results highlight the urgency of addressing the health impacts of climate change and underscore the role of education and awareness.
- Interculturality, public health and health education: data report based on the Virtual Learning Environment of the Brazilian Health System (AVASUS)Publication . Cunha, Priscila; Batista, Natalia; Fernandes, Felipe; Barbalho, Ingridy; Romão, Manoel Honorio; Coutinho, Karla; Valentim, Janaína; Lacerda, Juciano; Dias, Aline de P.; Henriques, Susana; Valentim, Ricardo; Alves, Fátima; Coutinho, Karilany D.Interculturality is increasingly gaining conceptual and operational relevance, especially in public health, since the cultural diversity of population groups generates myriad needs and demands for health services. In this scenario, technology-mediated Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have become innovative strategies for health training from an intercultural perspective. In Brazil, this is exemplified by the reinforcement of comprehensive Indigenous health care initiatives under primary health care. Prison health is also part of this spectrum of measures, as seen in the National Policy for Comprehensive Healthcare for People Deprived of Liberty. Hence, the prison population is a significant example of cultural and social diversity.
- Protagonismos leigos alternativos nas trajetórias de saúde: da medicalização à ‘naturalização’ da vidaPublication . Rosa, Rosário; Alves, FátimaEste artigo pretende refletir sobre as propriedades heurísticas dos ‘protagonismos leigos alternativos’ nas trajetórias de saúde para a compreensão da resistência ou reforço da medicalização da vida, através da procura do ‘natural’ observada nos discursos dos utilizadores de medicinas alternativas e complementares (MAC), recolhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas [1]. Os ‘protagonismos leigos alternativos’ refletem processos subjacentes à construção de trajetórias individuais de relação com a saúde, onde são mobilizadas abordagens alternativas, complementares ou não-convencionais que se diferenciam das do sistema biomédico. Para isso estabelecemos um diálogo teórico que parte da racionalidade biomédica dominante, para o questionamento dos sentidos e significados da agência leiga que integra o recurso às MAC nas suas trajetórias de saúde. O enfoque da nossa reflexão centra-se na compreensão das lógicas da ação leiga presentes na construção das trajetórias de saúde. São estes sentidos e lógicas que abordamos neste artigo, debatendo de que modo a procura de uma saúde e de um ‘saudável’ associados à natureza e ao ‘natural’ constituem uma resistência ou um reforço da medicalização da vida.
- Racionalidades leigas e governação da saúde mental em PortugalPublication . Alves, Fátima; Nicolau, Karine WlasenkoO artigo reafirma a importância das racionalidades leigas produzidas em Saúde Mental como expressões válidas de saber, com especial atenção aos aspectos éticos relacionados aos usos sociais dos conhecimentos gerados. Defende-se a ideia de que devem servir à criação de estratégias inovadoras que respondam efetivamente às necessidades das pessoas e como contrapoderes às lógicas hegemônicas. O contexto da governação da Saúde Mental em Portugal e as características estruturais da sociedade portuguesa refletem-se nos serviços efetivamente implementados e na percepção dos usuários a respeito da sua condição. A valorização das racionalidades leigas em um cenário hegemonicamente tecnicista e biomédico possibilita reafirmar a diversidade como condição humana. Nessa direção, insere-se como fundamento para a abordagem em realidades complexas e plurais como a Saúde Mental, incorporando a dimensão cultural às ações desenvolvidas.
- Research in environmentally induced human mobility: an analysis of methodological and theoretical dimensionsPublication . Fernandes, Carla Sofia Ferreira; Loureiro, João; Alves, FátimaPurpose – This paper aims to define a proposal of a theoretical–methodological framework aimed at supporting researchers in conducting studies on the topic of environmental mobility. Design/methodology/approach – The complexity of environmental change and the frequent subsequent human mobility raises challenges in the research process. The variety of theoretical and methodological approaches that can be applied to each of the phenomena contributes to different layers of analysis when focusing on the decision-making process of migration due to environmental factors. Drawing from the theoretical and methodological frameworks used by scholars, this paper includes an analysis of how they are applied in empirical studies that focus on environmental change and mobility in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Findings – Empirical studies in this field for the MENA region are focused on collecting and analyzing data but are not linking it with wider human mobility theoretical and methodological frameworks. The proposalincluded in this study privileges the use of a qualitative methodology, aimed at obtaining an overview of the individuals’ experience. Originality/value – This study adds to existing overviews of empirical studies of environmentally induced mobility by analyzing in detail the dimensions used to frame the methodological and theoretical research approaches in the empirical studies used in different disciplines that study the environment and/or human mobility. The studies analyzed focus on the different countries in the MENA region, which has the highest level of forced migratory movements in the world while facing challenges in terms of environmental degradation.
- Small-scale artisanal fisheries and its networks: the case of Arte Xávega in PortugalPublication . Alves, Fátima; Casaleiro, Paula; Valentim, Cristina Sá; Castro, Paula; Pardal, MiguelThis paper examines the management process of the Arte Xávega related to the implementation of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) and the Portuguese artisanal fishing regulation. This study looks at a formal normativity and seeks to discern how it is achieved. The methodology is based on the analysis of European and national legal documents collected until 2017 and mobilises a reticular approach, which directs our gaze at the complex interactions guided by contingency and heterogeneity. It is argued that the local governance of the Arte Xávega is a highly wide-ranging and diverse process and simultaneously a local and global one through which diverse types of appropriations and translations occur. Throughout this interconnected process between different actors and scales as they seek to implement policies, the different actors’ interests are re-represented and re-ordered in the national legislation and norms. Considering this perspective, governance of artisanal fishing is highly contested and unpredictable, shaped by tensions, negotiations, and entangled networks crossing national and transnational scales and perceptions.