Ciências da Educação | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals
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- Alteridad y emociones en las comunidades virtuales de aprendizajePublication . Aires, Luísa; Teixeira, António; Azevedo, José; Gaspar, Ivone; Silva, SílviaEl artículo trata de un conjunto de reflexiones sobre las relaciones interpersonales y las emociones en las comunidades virtuales de aprendizaje. Los referentes teóricos se inspiran en los constructos bajtinianos de alteridad y dialogicidad y se complementan con las perspectivas de Vygotski sobre la construcción social del conocimiento y las emociones. Las relaciones interpersonales en las comunidades virtuales de aprendizaje y, sobretodo, las emociones vivenciadas en estos contextos son estudiadas en el ámbito del análisis de los discursos producidos en los foros de discusión. Los mensajes publicados y discutidos por los estudiantes y los profesores son analizados en el marco de la aplicación de metodologías cualitativas y del análisis de redes sociales. Los resultados preliminares de la investigación enfatizan la idea que, en las dos comunidades de virtuales de aprendizaje estudiadas, las relaciones interpersonales son reguladas por valores compartidos, por las emociones y los conflictos vivenciados. En este sentido, las emociones no han de estudiarse por el impacto que producen sobre el aprendizaje, sino en cuantos elementos integrados en el proceso de aprendizaje.
- Colaboração online, formação contínua de professores e TIC na sala de aula : estudo de casoPublication . Montez, Risoleta; Aires, LuísaLas TIC han transformado la vida cotidiana de los individuos, sus mentes, objetivos de vida y también la organización de la sociedad. En este contexto de cambio, se supone la existencia de un tipo de escuela con trayectorias basadas en las especificidades de la actual sociedad red. Las investigaciones desarrolladas en el ámbito de la Red de Observatorios Municipales para a Alfabetización e Inclusión Digital están demostrando que, si bien los maestros de primaria reconocen la importancia de las tecnologías digitales e Internet, estos maestros apenas usan estas tecnologías justificando su postura en la ausencia de competencias pedagógicas. Por otra parte, las lógicas de mono docencia existentes en Primaria han desarrollado culturas de aislamiento profesional que no han beneficiado las dinámicas de trabajo en red, elementos fundamentales para la promoción de la alfabetización digital. A partir de esta realidad y de la revisión teórica que hemos realizado sobre esta problemática, hemos diseñado, ofrecido y analizado un cursillo online centrado en lógicas colaborativas, para la formación de profesores de primaria, en el distrito de Santarém, Portugal.
- Cultural-historical perspective in Spain and Portugal: developing theoretical and methodological approachesPublication . De La Mata, Manuel; Aires, Luísa; Santamaria, André; Rebollo-Catalán, M. Ángeles; Cubero, Merceddes; García-Perez, RafaelCultural-historical research has had a relevant presence in Spain and, to a lesser extent, in Portugal, since the 1970s. A review of the state of the art of the cultural-historical approach in these two countries allows us to identify four general lines of research: 1) sociocultural activities, mental actions, and semiotic mediation; 2) education in schools; 3) education beyond schools, including educational practices in community-cultural contexts; and 4) identity construction in (other) sociocultural settings. This perspective has been developed by an active community of researchers in the fields of psychology, education, and other social sciences.
- Digital skills in distance university students: a psychometric analysisPublication . Aires, Luísa; Amante, Lúcia; Fernández-Márquez, Esther; Nunes, Catarina; GonzalezIn recent years, research on the digital skills of higher education students has increased significantly. However, many of the existing studies have focused primarily on identifying these skills rather than exploring the factors that influence their development. This study investigates the digital skills of first-year undergraduate students enrolled at an online distance education university, as well as their key determining factors. Employing a quantitative methodology, the students completed a Likert-scale questionnaire as part of an online familiarization module. Based on the findings, the students' digital skills were grouped into the following categories: collaboration and creativity, networking, content sharing, information management, information evaluation, and critical thinking. Additionally, the key influencing factors were identified, including the perceived ease of using ICT for problem-solving, orientation towards learning goals, personal initiative, and self-regulation in the use of ICT and the Internet. The results suggest that both individual and social strategies related to Internet use play a crucial role on the acquisition of digital skills. Future research should explore theoretical frameworks and, especially, refine assessment tools, shifting the focus from simply describing digital competencies to examining the factors that influence and predict their development. Such theoretical and methodological adjustments are expected to significantly reshape training strategies in this field.
- E-Learning, educação online e educação aberta : contributos para uma reflexão teóricaPublication . Aires, LuísaO presente artigo resulta das reflexões desenvolvidas no âmbito do Observatório da Qualidade do Ensino a Distância e e-Learning sediado na Universidade Aberta e, ainda, da participação na docência do curso “MOOCs: Fundamentos e Práticas”. Trata-se de um artigo de natureza eminentemente teórica que pretende ser um contributo para a delimitação do universo concetual da Educação Online. Neste texto, são explorados os conceitos de e-Learning, Educação Online e Educação Aberta Virtual. Em primeiro lugar, aborda-se a diversidade de conceções sobre o e-Learning para, depois, se propor uma definição do conceito. Em segundo lugar, enquadra-se a Educação Online no espetro da Educação a Distância. E, em terceiro lugar, são propostos alguns referenciais para a caracterização do conceito de Educação Aberta na sociedade digital e dos seus movimentos atuais mais relevantes: os Recursos Educativos Abertos (OER) e os Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC). Em relação aos OER salienta-se que a matriz desse movimento ultrapassa o mero acesso a conteúdos e recursos e associa-se a uma nova filosofia educativa, a novos valores baseados na abertura, na ética da participação e na colaboração (Peters, 2008). No âmbito da reflexão sobre os MOOC, dá-se destaque à ecologia de aprendizagem específica desses cursos e sublinha-se a necessidade de reconceptualizar conceitos tradicionais, como o de inscrição, participação, frequência, aproveitamento do estudante, na senda da investigação desenvolvida por DeBoer, Ho, Stump e Breslow (2014). Finalmente, reitera-se a dispersão de conceções sobre e-Learning, Educação Online e Educação Aberta e propõe-se que a investigação em Educação a Distância seja um referencial central para a redução da entropia atualmente existente nas Instituições de Ensino Superior Presencial, relativamente à apropriação de conceitos-chave da Educação a Distância Online.
- A educação global e o diálogo intercultural em contextos de aprendizagem online: os cursos de educação globalPublication . Magalhães, Margarida; Aires, LuísaCom o objetivo geral de analisar a importância dos contextos de formação online no desenvolvimento de competências interculturais, esta investigação propôs-se mostrar de que forma cursos online, oferecidos em contexto multicultural, na área de Educação Global, promovem o desenvolvimento de competências de comunicação intercultural. De entre os resultados da investigação destacou-se a aquisição moderada de uma maior consciência intercultural e de aptidões de comunicação intercultural, considerando-se como elementos fundamentais para a promoção de diálogos interculturais ao longo do curso o facto de a turma ser multicultural, a colaboração entre pares e algumas das ferramentas de comunicação existentes na plataforma onde decorreu a formação.
- Educators by proxy: emergency remote teaching and learning from the voice of parentsPublication . Seabra, Filipa; Abelha, Marta; Aires, Luísa; Teixeira, AntónioIntroduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led educational systems worldwide to transpose activities planned for face-to-face education to mediated contexts - through what is known as Emergency Remote Teaching and Learning (ERTL). This posed unprecedented challenges to schools, teachers, families, and students. In this context, it was relevant to describe and understand how parents perceived this process, including what challenges to themselves and their children they faced and what advantages they acknowledged in the process. The present study focuses on Portuguese parents’ views on this process. Methods: Data were gathered in April and May 2020 through an online questionnaire answered by 184 parents of preschool, basic, and secondary education students (ages 3–18). The present paper presents data from open questions analyzed by deductive and inductive content analysis using MaxQDA. Results and discussion: Results evidence three overarching themes: equity, parental labor, and the meaning of school. Parents reveal substantial difficulties juggling the role of proxy educator and parent and point to inequalities - including those concerning very young children, children with disabilities or learning difficulties, students enrolled in professional education, families with insufficient access to technologies, and parents working from home. The school is portrayed as a crucial environment for development, a designated space for learning and caretaking, but also a relational and emotional context. Despite this scenario, parents acknowledge ERTL as having positive aspects and as the possible outlet to keep education going even in extreme situations.
- Emergency remote teaching and learning and teachers’ digital competencePublication . Seabra, Filipa; Aires, Luísa; Abelha, Marta; Teixeira, AntónioThe challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic forced schools to quickly mobilize toward emergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL) practices. Teachers’ digital competences were essential in this context. This study aims to identify the ERTL practices adopted in Portugal and how they were perceived by teachers of students aged 3 to 18. Data were gathered through a questionnaire administered online during April and May 2020 to 329 teachers. ERTL was perceived as an opportunity to develop their own and their students’ digital competences. Teachers expressed a moderately positive view of the process and reported an experience of work overload. The pedagogical practices implemented by teachers during this period were diverse and differed according to gender, self-assessment of digital competence, and level of education taught. Results point to the importance of continued teacher training to achieve quality distance education.
- Emergency remote teaching and learning in Portugal: preschool to secondary school teachers’ perceptionsPublication . Seabra, Filipa; Teixeira, António; Abelha, Marta; Aires, LuísaEmergency remote teaching and learning (ERTL) represent a critical and challenging time for teachers globally. To understand how Portuguese teachers interpreted their ERTL experiences of the first lockdown, we started by asking: What perspectives do teachers have about ERTL? Answering three open questions made available online between April and May of 2020, a sample of 305 preschool, basic, and secondary school teachers expressed their perspectives on (i) difficulties throughout ERTL; (ii) students’ constraints in participating in ERTL; (iii) the potential and benefits resulting from this exceptional period. Data were analyzed using content analysis. While Portuguese teachers perceived ERTL with concern, a majority also saw it as an opportunity. Workload, work conditions, and time management were the most frequently mentioned difficulties. Regarding students’ constraints, teachers emphasized participation, the role of parents, lack of contact, and autonomy. Despite the constraints and difficulties, teachers highlighted gains such as the development of digital competencies and the opportunity to transform teaching and learning. Only 18 teachers suggested there were no positive outcomes from this experience. Since this is an exploratory study, further studies are needed to triangulate the findings.
- Employability in online higher education : a case studyPublication . Silva, Ana Paula; Lourtie, Pedro; Aires, LuísaThis paper presents the results of a study on the perceptions of students and teachers from a distance education university on employability skills in higher education. The choice of skills that are important to the labour market has been the subject of controversy because it involves heterogeneous interests of different groups. Our case study departs from the following question: what are the perceptions of students and teachers about online higher education and the required skills for employability? To this end, a comparative study on the views of students and teachers was conducted, which emphasized the following dimensions: a) the most important skills for employability, and b) the skills to be developed for employability within undergraduate degrees in online learning. To collect the required data, a questionnaire was prepared and applied to students and teachers, taking as its main reference the theoretical model of Knight and Yorke (2006). In spite of the specificity of each group, the results reveal some similarities between students and teachers with regard to employability. The conclusions also highlight the need to promote research in this area in the European context.