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- Pottery production in intendente. A preliminary approach to a new early modern workshop in Lisbon, PortugalPublication . Peace, Richard; Sousa, Miguel Martins de; Gomes, Adriana; Évora, MarinaThe main subject of this approach is a 2500 m2 salvage intervention, located in the central Lisbon municipality of Arroios. This lot, which can be found in the “Largo do Intendente” 48 to 56, the “Travessa da Cruz aos Anjos” 3 to 9, and the “Beco da Bombarda” 4, roughly corresponds to a palace belonging to the 18th-19th century Police Superintendent Diogo Inácio Pina Manique, who died in the site by 1805, and its grounds. The excavations were carried out in connection to a hotel development, which is currently suspended. Due to constraints associated to the phases of the new construction project, the area was divided into three sectors, E1, which is the palace itself; E2 which faces the “Travessa da Cruz aos Anjos”; and E3, which is roughly equivalent to the palace's grounds.
- Entre portais e armários entaipados: novos testemunhos arqueológicos no Centro Histórico de PalmelaPublication . Sousa, Miguel Martins de; Évora, MarinaOs testemunhos que se apresentam sucedem da intervenção arqueológica realizada num edifício que integra o gaveto de um dos quarteirões da vila de Palmela, situado entre a Rua Mouzinho de Albuquerque e a Rua da Ladeira (Fig. 1). A intervenção ocorreu no âmbito do projeto para a reabilitação de um edifício de habitação de dois pisos e telhado de três águas (30 m2), com um pequeno corpo anexo (15 m2) de três pisos e telhado de uma água, outrora separado do restante espaço através de uma parede com arcos de suporte no piso térreo1. Em complemento, a sul deste corpo, visto da Rua da Ladeira, com o número 17, localiza-se uma habitação com uma pitoresca escada de tiro percecionada na cartograf a militar de início do século XIX e nos primeiros registos fotográf cos que abrangem a vila palmelense a partir do Parque Venâncio Ribeiro da Costa (Fig. 2-3), permitindo rapidamente localizar o edifício em estudo.
- Raw material procurement at Abrigo do Poço Rock shelter (Central Portugal)Publication . Pereira, Telmo; Paixão, Eduardo; Évora, Marina; Marreiros, João; Nora, David; Monteiro, Patrícia; Assis, Sandra; Carvalho, Vânia; Holliday, TrentonAbrigo do Poço is a rock shelter located in the karstic canyon of Ribeira das Chitas in the River Lis basin (Central Portugal). The site has an Epipaleolithic occupation overlying a Solutrean occupation. Despite the multiple available resources in the vicinity, the main activity during the Upper Paleolithic occupation seems to have been the exploitation of a small chert outcrop located right above it. This outcrop extends in patches throughout the vicinity due to the combination of tectonic activity and fluvial erosion that results in multiple canyons. Interestingly, the outcrop above the site is one in which the chert is less expressive, probably due to exhaustion during the Solutrean, during which the site was used to heat-treat chert for the production of blades and, especially, bifacial points. The chert from this site has different colors, patterns and textures due to internal variability and to external agents (tectonic, patina). Here we present the macroscopic and geochemical characteristics of this outcrop throughout the valley and discuss the issue of potentially misleading interpretations when only one of these approaches is used.
- Evidence of specialized resource exploitation by modern humans in Western Iberia associated to Pleistocene and Holocene extreme environmental conditionsPublication . Pereira, Telmo; Monteiro, Patrícia; Paixão, Eduardo; Nora, David; Évora, Marina; Simões, Carlos; Detry, Cleia; Assis, Sandra; Carvalho, Vânia; Holliday, TrentonThroughout prehistory, landscapes were repeatedly subjected to both global and localized climatic fluctuations that changed the regional environments where human groups lived. This instability demanded constant adaptation and, as a result, the functionality of some sites changed over time. In this light, the western coast of Iberia represents an exceptional case study due to the proximity between at least some oceanic cores and archaeological sites, which should facilitate an accurate reconstruction of the relationships between paleoenvironmental conditions and the coeval patterns of human behavior. This region, and in particular the valley of the River Lis, is marked by wide exposed plateaus cut by narrow and deep canyons. In this paper we present the stratigraphic, archaeometric, technological and archaeobotanical record of Poço Rock Shelter, located in one of these canyons, which hints at the human responses to such changes, and discuss the link between its Solutrean and Epipaleolithic occupations to specific activities. During the coldest part of the Last Glacial Maximum, we hypothesize that there was intensive exploitation of a chert outcrop above the roof to produce blades and Solutrean tips. Later, during Bond Event 6, after that outcrop had been exhausted, there was intensive consumption of shellfish gathered between the mouth of the canyon and the sea. We hypothesize that these strikingly different roles demonstrate how hunter-gatherers adapted to local conditions, and exploited specific resources, promising to provide a better understanding about its functional role during specific extreme climate events.
- "Hands-on archaeology”: an experimental program based on bone tool assemblages created during the osseous industry course, University of Algarve (Faro, Portugal)Publication . Aleixo, Patrícia; Teixeira, Cátia; Matias, Roxane; Évora, MarinaThe aim of this paper focuses on the analysis of osseous raw materials through experimental archaeology. The lack of studies on experimental archaeology at the MSc degree in Archaeology from the University of Algarve gave way to the creation of a brand-new course based on Osseous Industry. The main goal of this study was to provide a better understanding and interpretation of the traces left on bone tools during the emergence of Homo sapiens in Europe. The results of this work include femur bone needles from swine (Sus domesticus), an arrow and harpoon head antler from red deer (Cervus elaphus), and a comb antler from fallow deer (Dama dama). This approach gained knowledge by experience and a broader view about a hypothetical image of how human communities used to live. The implementation of the experimental activity is an important empirical function in the studies of archaeology, though often is overlooked. We hope that this work can provide an example of how fundamental an experimental approach to archaeology is for filling gaps in our knowledge about the past.
- Monte da Revelada 2: Resultados preliminaresPublication . Monteiro, Mário; Henriques, Francisco; Clélia, Sandra; Évora, Marina; Nora, David; Alves, Catarina; Mendes, Cátia; Carvalho, Emanuel; Anacleto, Catarina; Silva, Daniel; Baptista, Pedro; Caninas, João; Pereira, TelmoA construção da nova fábrica de papel Tissue, da empresa Paper Prime, S.A., em Vila Velha de Ródão, levou à identificação e escavação do sítio arqueológico Revelada 2. O sítio foi escavado até ao substrato geológico numa área superior a 170m2, tendo-se individualizado dezenas de unidades estratigráficas. Do espólio arqueológico recolhido constam mais de 40000 artefactos entre indústria lítica, termoclastos e cerâmica pré-histórica, parte dele aparentemente associado a possíveis estruturas de combustão e buracos de poste. A seriação preliminar do acervo permite apontar para a presença de uma sequência de ocupações pré-históricas constituída por, pelo menos, Neolítico, Epipaleolítico e Paleolítico Médio. Porém, diversos fenómenos de formação de sítio, nomeadamente dinâmicas de vertente e agricultura, afectaram de forma assimétrica diversos contextos em área, profundidade ou intensidade. Neste artigo pretende-se fazer a apresentação de Revelada 2, dos trabalhos, metodologias, resultados e da sua interpretação preliminar, deixando em aberto a revisão da mesma em trabalhos futuros.
- A Mudéjar bone tool workshop (13-14th century AD) in Lisbon, PortugalPublication . Évora, Marina; Valente, Maria João; Marques, AntónioLargo da Severa is an archaeological site located in the Moorish neighbourhood (“Bairro da Mouraria”) of Lisbon, that was built after 1170 AD following the Christian conquest of the city to the Moors (FIG.1). The materials here presented belong to the 13–14th century mudéjar occupation (i.e. the Muslims of al-Andalus who remained in Iberia after the conquest). They were collected during the 2012/2013 emergency excavations for the reconstruction of the Casa da Severa building (Valente & Marques 2017). This is the house in which the great fado singer Maria Severa Onofriana lived the last years of her life, having died there at 26 years old, in 1846.
- Uma possível fratura de avulsão num fragmento de ulna recuperado no complexo cársico com ocupação pré-histórica, do sítio da buraca da moira (Boa Vista, Leiria)Publication . Assis, Sandra; Branco, Rute; Carvalho, Vânia; Dias, Rita; Duarte, Carlos; Évora, Marina; Farias, Anne; Holliday, Trenton; Marreiros, João; Monteiro, Patrícia; Nora, David; Paixão, Eduardo; Pereira, TelmoNo ano de 2015, durante a intervenção arqueológica afeta ao projeto EcoPlis: ocupação humana plistocénica nos ecótonos do rio Lis foram identificados vestígios esqueléticos humanos desarticulados à superfície e na camada superior do complexo cársico da Buraca da Moira (freguesia da Boa Vista, Leiria). A recuperação de artefactos em quartzo e sílex, de uma placa de xisto, e de adornos em osso e concha sugerem uma possível cronologia calcolítica. A análise paleobiológica preliminar dos fragmentos esqueléticos exumados (n=129) permitiu inferir que pertencerão a, pelo menos, seis indivíduos: dois adultos e quatro não adultos. De entre os elementos analisados macroscopicamente, destacou-se um segmento proximal de uma ulna direita pertencente a um individuo adulto. Este fragmento caracterizava-se pela ausência do processo coronóide, e pela presença de uma depressão óssea ovalada com contornos suaves (17x12mm), associada a uma ligeira exposição de osso trabecular. A lesão supramencionada localizava-se acima da tuberosidade ulnar. A localização, tipo de alteração, e a presença de sinais de remodelação óssea são consistentes com uma lesão traumática incomum: fratura do processo coronóide. No diagnóstico diferencial foram considerados, e excluídos, alterações de cariz tafonómico e problemas de desenvolvimento. Neste trabalho serão discutidos os mecanismos conducentes à lesão à luz da literatura paleopatológica e clínica.
- Species identification of osseousmuseum artefacts through peptide mass fingerprinting illustrated by a study on objects from Neolithic to Iron Age ArmeniaPublication . Antonosyan, Mariya; Mkrtchyan, Satenik; Amano, Noel; Davtyan, Ruben; Yeranyan, Nzhdeh; Badalyan, Mikayel; Poghosyan, Svetlana; Telunts, Anahit; Stepanyan, Karine; Amiryan, Mariam; Zakyan, Tigran; Eloshvili, Mariami; Zarikian, Noushig; Adigyozalyan, Ani; Gyonjyan, Andranik; Simonyan, Hasmik; Sargsyan, Vahe; Saribekyan, Mariam; Hovhannisyan, Anahit; Simonyan, Hakob; Martirosyan-Olshansky, Kristine; Piliposyan, Ashot; Khachatryan, Zaruhi; Évora, Marina; Paladugu, Roshan; Bobokhyan, Arsen; Roberts, Patrick; Yepiskoposyan, LevonIdentifying animal species used in osseous industry production is crucial for reconstructing humananimal interactions in ancient societies. However, bone artefact manufacture often involves intensive modifications to raw materials that hamper taxonomic identifications. Here, for the first time in central Eurasia, we taxonomically assess bone objects stored in museum collections, recovered from Late Neolithic to Iron Age contexts in Armenia, using a minimally invasive peptide mass fingerprinting technique, also known as Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS). Our pilot study shows remarkable collagen preservation in the bone artefacts, demonstrating the rich potential of ZooMS for examining legacy collections. The successful ZooMS screening provided taxonomic identification for 86% of the artefacts, offering insights into species selection for bone manufacturing, as well as broader socioeconomic developments and interregional links. Our study underscores the utility of minimally invasive proteomic techniques, enabling the preservation of cultural and historical artefacts while addressing limitations of studying museum collections.
- Osseous industry and exploitation of animal resources in Southern Iberia during the Upper PalaeolithicPublication . Évora, Marina; Haws, Jonathan; Bicho, NunoDuring the Upper Palaeolithic, several climatic events were recorded in some archaeological sites in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. The aim is to focus on the relations between those phenomena and the mammal species hunted by hunter-gatherers groups, and whose bones were used, along with lithics, as raw material for manufacturing their bone toolkits. Hunter-gatherers seemed to have had a preference on hunting ungulates species that are gregarious such as red deer and goat, one of the characteristics of the faunal assemblages from the archaeological sites located near the coastal zones, including Vale Boi and Cendres in Southern Iberia. Regarding their toolkits, there was a preference in choosing mammal bone for the manufacture of their hunting and fishing equipment, as well as other utensils of daily life, during the Gravettian and Solutrean. Hunter-gatherers were preferably hunting juvenile and female red deer that do not have antlers. The opposite occurred during the Magdalenian, where red deer antler was used much more as a raw material. The Final Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian saw a decrease in the quantities of osseous artefacts and even a total absence of harpoons in Southern Iberian archaeological assemblages.