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- Towards an immersive learning knowledge tree: a conceptual framework for mapping knowledge and tools in the fieldPublication . Beck, Dennis; Morgado, Leonel; Lee, Mark; Gütl, Christian; Dengel, Andreas; Wang, Minjuan; Warren, Scott; Richter, JonathonThe interdisciplinary field of immersive learning research is scattered. Combining efforts for better exploration of this field from the different disciplines requires researchers to communicate and coordinate effectively. We call upon the community of immersive learning researchers for planting the Knowledge Tree of Immersive Learning Research, a proposal for a systematization effort for this field, combining both scholarly and practical knowledge, cultivating a robust and ever-growing knowledge base and methodological toolbox for immersive learning. This endeavor aims at promoting evidence-informed practice and guiding future research in the field. This paper contributes with the rationale for three objectives: 1) Developing common scientific terminology amidst the community of researchers; 2) Cultivating a common understanding of methodology, and 3) Advancing common use of theoretical approaches, frameworks, and models.
- Educational practices and strategies with immersive learning environments: mapping of reviews for using the metaversePublication . Beck, Dennis; Morgado, Leonel; O'shea, PatrickThe educational metaverse promises fulfilling ambitions of immersive learning, leveraging technology-based presence alongside narrative and/or challenge-based deep mental absorption. Most reviews of immersive learning research were outcomes-focused, few considered the educational practices and strategies. These are necessary to provide theoretical and pedagogical frameworks to situate outcomes within a context where technology is in concert with educational approaches. We sought a broader perspective of the practices and strategies used in immersive learning environments, and conducted a mapping survey of reviews, identifying 47 studies. Extracted accounts of educational practices and strategies under thematic analysis yielded 45 strategies and 21 practices, visualized as a network clustered by conceptual proximity. Resulting clusters “Active context”, “Collaboration”, “Engagement and Scaffolding”, “Presence”, and “Real and virtual multimedia learning” expose the richness of practices and strategies within the field. The visualization maps the field, supporting decision-making when combining practices and strategies for using the metaverse in education, highlights which practices and strategies are supported by the literature, and the presence and absence of diversity within clusters.
- Immersive learning environments: theory and research instrumentsPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Beck, Dennis
- Recommendation tool for use of immersive learning environmentsPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Torres, Manuel; Beck, Dennis; Torres, Fernanda; Almeida, António; Simões, Ana; Ramalho, Filipa; Coelho, AntónioIn the field of immersive learning, instructors often find it challenging to match their pedagogical approaches and content knowledge with specific technologies. Unfortunately, this usually results in either a lack of technology use or inappropriate use of some technologies. Teachers and trainers wishing to use immersive learning environments face a diversity of technological and pedagogical alternatives. To scaffold educators in their planning of immersive learning educational activities, we devised a recommendation tool, which maps educational context variables to the dimensions of immersion and uses educators’ contexts to identify the closest educational uses. Sample educational activities for those uses are then presented, for various types of educational methodologies. Educators can use these samples to plan their educational activities in line with their current resources or to innovate by pursuing entirely different approaches.
- Exploring the future of immersive educationPublication . Callaghan, Victor; Gardner, Michael; Peña-Rios, Anasol; Beck, Dennis; Gütl, Christian; Morgado, Leonel; Richter, Jonathon; Wu, Hsuan-YiThis extended abstract describes the #iLRN16_SFP workshop which opened the iLRN'16 conference held in Santa Barbra, California USA from the 27th June to the 1st July 2016. The main focus of the workshop was exploring future trends and expectations for research into immersive learning. The event was a collaboration between the Creative Science Foundation and the Immersive Learning Research Network.
- Immersive learning researchPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Allison, Colin; Beck, Dennis; Penicheiro, FilipeWelcome to the Journal of Universal Computer Science (J.UCS) special issue organized by the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN) following the 2017 iLRN conference. This issue includes eight papers on the focused topic "Immersive Learning Research", including extended versions of papers presented at iLRN 2017 and articles from the public call for papers.
- Describing and interpreting an immersive learning case with the immersion cube and the immersive learning brainPublication . Beck, Dennis; Morgado, LeonelCurrent descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
- iLRN 2018 Montana. Workshop, long and short paper, and poster proceedings from the fourth immersive learning research network conferencePublication . Beck, Dennis; Allison, Colin; Morgado, Leonel; Peña-Rios, Anasol; Ogle, Todd; Richter, Jonathon; Gütl, ChristianWorkshop, short paper, and long paper proceedings
- Immersive learning research from the perspective of its researchers and practitioners: questionnaire validation and early results from a survey on a conceptual framework for the fieldPublication . Morgado, Leonel; Beck, Dennis; Gütl, Christian; Richter, Jonathon; Oliveira, Teresa A.Immersive learning research is a field of study that emphasizes diversity of scholarship and subject areas. This diversity presents a challenge for understanding the breadth and depth of the field of immersive learning, a challenge that led to the Immersive Learning Research Network’s call for the community of immersive learning researchers to develop a conceptual framework supporting a common understanding of this diverse field - The Immersive Learning Knowledge Tree. However, this structure has not had its underlying assumptions validated by the larger, diverse community of immersive learning researchers and practitioners. Thus, we developed, validated, and disseminated across associations of the field a questionnaire for analyzing the assumptions, structure, and relevance of the Knowledge Tree proposal. Early results point towards overwhelming agreement from the community on the premise that the field of immersive learning research is muddled/fragmented, the current knowledge partially disjointed, specifically among different disciplines (Q3), due to its interdisciplinary nature. There are also strong indications supporting the premise that researchers active in the field of immersive learning research desire to combine their efforts with others.