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- SME internationalization research: mapping the state of the artPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, MarioThis paper offers a review of published conceptual and empirical studies indexed in the main academic search databases, covering literature on the internationalization of small and medium-sized firms. We analyzed a total of 554 papers covering the period between 1977 and 2014, and found the following general trends: empirical research focuses mainly on Europe and is characterized by a diversity that identifies 74 different topics. This study provides academics and practitioners with a clear perspective on future directions of SME internationalization and contributes to our understanding of the relevant research to date. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Export performance and the internationalisation of SMEsPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, MarioThis paper proposes a conceptual model that analyses the factors influencing the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and integrates international entrepreneurship theory and international strategies. Rooted in an extensive bibliography that provides the basis for key constructs, the proposed model brings together the fundamentals of SMEs’ internationalisation processes that influence these enterprises’ export performance. The model highlights three important factors: industry-, environment- and firm-related aspects affecting firms’ entrepreneurial orientation. The model contributes to a better understanding of the key factors affecting the export performance of SMEs, providing a simple structure that can be strategically used by entrepreneurs when launching their firms into international markets. The model complements previous approaches but offers a more integrative approach based on research that ventures further into a little explored area of the literature on internationalisation theories.
- Internacionalização de PME no Continente Americano: revisão da literaturaPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, Mario
- Implicações da pandemia de COVID-19 no relacionamento sede-filial: uma abordagem qualitativaPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Pinto, Bruna Ferreira; Ribau, Cláudiaespecial ênfase ao relacionamento entre a sede e as suas filiais, o que é pouco estudado no âmbito das PMEs. Tendo por base uma abordagem qualitativa baseada em estudos de caso, que analisam a perspetiva evolutiva desta PME e do relacionamento da sede com as suas cinco filiais, e utilizando a teoria da dependência de recursos, conclui-se que há uma heterogeneidade de percursos e relacionamentos entre a sede e cada filial, que sofreram alterações durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
- The role of exploitative and exploratory innovation in export performance: an analysis of plastics industry SMEsPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, MarioInnovation capabilities are important for firms to compete in the market. However, the literature has rarely examined how exploitative and exploratory innovation influences the export performance of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). As exploitative and exploratory innovation plays different roles in sustaining SMEs’ competitive advantages, this article presents an analysis of how four specific firms’ innovation capabilities (i.e. marketing, strategy, research and development and manufacturing capabilities) impact these SMEs’ export performance. Moreover, this study analysed how exploitative and exploratory innovation capabilities mediate the relationship of the four firms’ internal innovation capabilities and export performance. The results indicate that exploitative innovation positively influences SMEs’ export performance, but exploratory innovation does not. Another interesting finding is that strategy and manufacturing capabilities are important antecedents of both exploratory and exploitative innovation. Furthermore, the results reveal that only manufacturing capabilities have a direct impact on export performance, whereas strategy and manufacturing capabilities are the antecedents that most influence exploitative innovation and export performance.
- Multidyadic relationships: a multi-stage perspectivePublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, MárioThis paper analyses to what extent the relationship among firms in downstream B2B activities in the supply chain stimulates the relationship in upstream B2B activities. This paper follows a qualitative methodology based on semi-structured, in-depth interviews in seven firms from the plastics industry, in three different countries that led to the preparation of seven case studies. Results and findings suggest that the business relationship with suppliers both encourages and results from a business relationship with direct and indirect downstream customers in B2B markets, driving the development of new products and the international presence of firms. Related to multi-stage B2B theory and NPD activities, the paper suggests that there is a feedback effect between the focal firm (plastics manufacturing firms), upstream suppliers and downstream customers, i.e., the relationship between the focal firm and the customers leverages the relationship between the focal firm and the suppliers. This symbiosis leads to a more technically innovative final product, which encourages more relational contact with the customer, giving rise to a more dynamic form of internationalisation. Moreover, relational links involving a multi-stage perspective in the supply chain are important to ensure a more effective bi-directional relationship among the different stages of the supply chain.
- Categorising the internationalisation of SMEs with social network analysisPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, MárioThis paper analyses the internationalisation of SMEs highlighting the importance of social network analysis (SNA) to display the main categories involved in SME internationalisation research. Methodologically, the paper uses a systematic review of the literature as a departure point to select the main papers on the internationalisation of SMEs and uses SNA to illustrate the main categories that have been used by researchers to identify how sectoral studies (manufacturing vs. service firms and single vs. multiple industry) have evolved and to identify the geographical origins of the papers carried out on SME internationalisation. This study is useful for researchers and academic community alike as it embeds the three main categories found (internationalisation theories, international strategy and performance) using SNA methodology.
- Green supply chain practices in the plastics industry in Portugal: rhe moderating effects of traceability, ecocentricity, environmental culture, environmental uncertainty, competitive pressure, and social responsibilityPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Ribau, Cláudia; Rodrigues, Carolina da Silva FerreiraThe proper use of resources in an industrial environment is crucial for the sustainability of the industry and the planet. As the supply chain is important for improving companies’ environmental performance, this article measures the impact of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices on the environmental performance of companies in the plastics industry in Portugal. Environmental culture, environmental uncertainty, competitive pressure, ecocentricity, social responsibility in procurement and value chain traceability were used to moderate the relationship between GSCM and environmental performance. Using seven regression models via partial least squares structural equation modeling, it was possible to test the six moderators referred to above. The results demonstrate that GSCM practices have a positive impact on companies’ environmental performance; however, the moderating effects tested proved not to be statistically significant. The immediate consequences for firms are clear: it is mandatory for them to implement an environmental, ecocentric culture if they want to manage the socio-environmental challenges of procurement and the traceability of the supply chain; only then will they be able to deal with both environmental uncertainty and the competitive pressures of supply chain sustainability. The biggest current challenges lie in the rational use of plastic resources and their reuse, either by the industry or by the end user, in terms of conscientious consumption and correct routing for their reuse. According to the natural resource-based theory, it is possible to claim that firms have capabilities but lack the resources to cope with environmental challenges they are facing to properly internalize the changes and to implement them across the supply chain.
- The importance of exploration and exploitation innovation in emerging economiesPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Navaia, Eurico; Ribau, CláudiaInnovation capabilities are among the main driving sources of export performance; however, the literature on how exploration and exploitation innovation influence export performance in the context of emerging economies is scarce. As such, the purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between innovation capabilities and export performance, mediated by exploration and exploitation innovation. For that, an online questionnaire was implemented surveying 250 Mozambican Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the agro-industry, agro-processing, and fishing sectors. Based on a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) relating innovation capabilities, exploitation, and exploration innovation to export performance, it is possible to state that innovation capabilities influence the export performance of SMEs in this emerging country. Moreover, exploration and exploitation innovation exert important mediation effects, the latter being more prevalent than the former. The results constitute a major contribution as it is possible to claim that, in the context of emerging economies, Mozambican SMEs have managed to enhance their export performance, based on innovation capabilities, but, also, to master their ambidexterity with exploiting capabilities, normally linked to their current technological trajectories, being more prevalent that exploitation capabilities, which are focused on the pursuit of radical innovation.
- Differentiation strategy and export performance in emerging countries: mediating effects of positional advantage among mozambican firmsPublication . Navaia, Eurico; Moreira, Antonio; Ribau, CláudiaSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in economic and development growth, particularly in developing countries. Their success depends on the expansion of their markets across borders, based on the strategies adopted, in which differentiation strategies and positional advantages play an important role. As an emerging country, Mozambican SMEs face a lack of resources and business environmental challenges in deploying their unique advantages when competing abroad. As such, the objective of this paper is to study the impact of differentiation strategies on the export performance of Mozambican SMEs, and the mediating effect of positional advantage on the relationship between the differentiation strategy and export performance of SMEs. To achieve this objective, an empirical study was conducted, based on a sample of 250 Mozambican firms, to test a theoretical model that applied Structural Equation Modeling using the Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM) algorithm, based on SmartPLS software version 3.3.6 (SmartPLS GmbH, Oststeinbek, Germany). The results show that differentiation strategies positively impact the export performance of SMEs and that positional advantage mildly mediates the relationship between the differentiation strategy and export performance. This suggests that Mozambican SMEs may not be properly taking advantage of the positional advantage of the differentiation strategies, as the added value generated by the positional advantage is relatively modest. As such, Mozambican SMEs still need to support their positional advantages to overcome fierce international competition. This study contributes to the knowledge about the consequences of adopting differentiation strategies and positional advantages on the export performance of SMEs, particularly in the context of emerging countries.