Ambiente e Sustentabilidade | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals
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- A proteção social básica como direito humano: um olhar sobre MoçambiquePublication . Chipe, Maria Elvira Carlos; Albuquerque, Rosana; Núncio, Maria JoséEste artigo convoca a atenção sobre o percurso das diferentes dinâmicas investidas no sistema de protecção social, como um direito fundamental e internacionalmente reconhecido: vida, saúde, educação, trabalho, habitação, ambiente saudável, entre outros, com vista ao desenvolvimento sustentável das nações. Mediante uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, o artigo visa trazer uma abordagem crítica sobre o sistema de protecção social moçambicano, onde, inicialmente, percebemos a protecção social como um modelo baseado no reconhecimento mútuo do outro como ser social e dotado de direitos, onde as redes de relações de vizinhança, parentesco e/ou até mesmo de pequenos grupos sociais, comungam da filosofia de partilha e/ou interajuda (troca de bens e serviços). Este sistema de protecção social, embora informal, assegurou em Moçambique, ao longo de vários anos, alguma estabilidade social e económica das famílias, em particular das carenciadas. Noutra vertente abordaremos a protecção social como direito inalienável, em que as governanças, na sua missão, têm a inteira responsabilidade de garantir o pleno gozo dos recursos e oportunidades que vão permitir que o indivíduo possa desenvolver capacidades e habilidades com vista ao bem-estar social. A concluir, teremos o panorama dos esforços que o Estado moçambicano, no âmbito dos acordos internacionais, empreende para uma protecção social mais efectiva e abrangente.
- Heritage and sustainability: regulating participationPublication . Rosetti, Ilaria; Cabral, Clara Bertrand; Roders, Ana Pereira; Jacobs, Marc; Albuquerque, RosanaIn the past three decades, there has been increasing research carried out on the role of heritage and its processes in achieving broader sustainable development objectives beyond heritage conservation. As part of this movement, people-centered approaches and participation have been widely integrated into international regulations and guidelines on heritage management, stimulating the implementation of case studies-based research worldwide. Despite the wide advocacy of participatory heritage practices’ contributions to more inclusive and culturally sensitive local development in a great variety of projects, there is limited research into the roles these practices can have in addressing sustainability objectives. How are these roles addressed in international heritage regulatory frameworks, and what forms of participation are promoted for their fulfillment? This paper seeks to answer this research question through a content analysis of international declarations, conventions, guidelines, and policy documents focused on the roles and forms of participation that are promoted. A crossed-matched analysis of results reveals that active forms of participation are those most used to promote all roles and subcategories of participation, as a right, as a driver, and as an enabler of sustainable development. However, fewer active forms are presented as complementary at different stages of sustainability-oriented heritage practices. Moreover, a higher incidence of generic forms of participation can be observed in documents addressing international stakeholders, while partnership and intervention are to be found in those targeting regional and local actors. Nevertheless, the low incidence of decisional forms of participation confirms the challenges of power-sharing at all scales. Trends and influences are highlighted, informing heritage research, governance, and policymaking, but also revealing gaps and ambiguities in current regulations that further research encompassing a larger number of documents might confirm.
- Gender-responsive good practices in documenting customary and statutory land in MozambiquePublication . Balas, Marisa; Carrilho, João; Lemmen, Christiaan; Albuquerque, RosanaSustainable growth and development in Africa will continue to depend mainly on how land and land-related resources are secured, used, and managed, which is extremely important for the socio-economic development of women and men. Equitable land rights support the eradication of poverty, increase food security, and respond to climate change. However, women's land rights are strongly gendered across many regions of the globe, especially in Africa, where access to and control over land and productive resources is affected by customary norms, usually discriminatory against women. This paper focuses on Mozambique's legal reform and institutional capacity-building efforts, with special attention to social institutions, to promote equitable land rights and enhance land tenure security. It is based on specific practices in documenting customary and statutory access, control, and ownership of land, considering both the ongoing legal reform and the systematic land registration program the country has been promoting over the past decade. This paper intends to document these efforts and good practices so that they can be used as a reference and others can benefit from them.
- Students' perspectives on sustainability competences and pedagogical approaches: groupings and interrelations results from 17 international case studiesPublication . Lozano, R.; Barreiro‐Gen, M.; Ortiz‐Martínez, G.; Mendoza, A.; Segalàs, J.; Caeiro, Sandra; Simão, João; Favi, C.; Gładysz, B.; Alló, M.; Gago-Cortés, C.; Tortato, U.; Mónus, F.; Pietikäinen, J.; Södervik, I.; Ratvio, R.; Bostanci, S.; Dobróné Tóth, M.; Benayas, J.; Hales, R.; Munguía, M.; Cervantes, D.; Díaz, R.; Corona, N.; Desha, C.; Boddy, J.; Djekic, I.; Caldera, S.; Sáenz, O.; Azizi, L.; Sassen, R.Higher education institutions (HEIs) have been incorporating sustainability into their curricula, which is crucial for providing students with the skills and knowledge to help societies become more sustainable. During the last 15 years, there has been increasing research on sustainability competences and the pedagogical approaches to develop them. There have been proposals on lists of competences, pedagogical approaches, their groups and their links. However, most research has focused on the perspective of educators, with limited research from the students' perspective. This paper aims to provide the students' perspective of the groups of sustainability competences, groups of pedagogical approaches, and how these connect. A survey was developed for this purpose, which was applied to participants from 17 HEIs worldwide. The responses obtained were analysed in a five-step process: Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations, Principal Component analysis (PCA) to detect the competence and pedagogical approaches groups, correlations between the groups and regressions between the groups. The PCA analysis resulted in three competences' groups and confirmed the three pedagogical approach groups. The analyses showed differences in the competences' groups between the students' and educators' perspectives. The regression analysis groups shows how the pedagogical approach groups develop the competences' groups from the students' perspective. Developing sustainability competences requires a change in the higher educational system, where the educators' and students' perspectives need to converge so that the sustainability competence–based education model is more efficient and effective in educating the future leaders, decision-makers, educators, management and professionals.
- Awareness and skills at a distance: the contribution of distance learning higher education institutions to the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development GoalsPublication . Leal Filho, Walter; Mapar, Mahsa; Trevisan, Laís Vieira; Caeiro, Sandra; Pretorius, Rudi W.; Nicolau, Melanie D.; Nicolau, Paula Bacelar; Lambrechts, WimDistance Learning Higher Education Institutions (DL-HEIs) can advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by expanding access to education, fostering research and innovation, and promoting collaboration on a global scale. This study aims to identify the strategies conducted by DL-HEIs to increase learners’ awareness, knowledge, and skills related to the SDGs and explore how DL-HEIs around the world incorporate the SDGs into their activities. More specifically, it uses a mix of case studies and a global survey that covers six continents and 52 countries to identify important strategies, drivers, and barriers in this field. The case study findings reveal that technology in distance education fosters innovative teaching, boosting engagement and comprehension of complex sustainability topics. The survey results show that DL-HEIs mainly incorporate sustainability through their curriculum and research, with teaching staff and researchers as the main contributors. They often use a mix of live and recorded learning to teach skills like critical thinking, focusing on SDGs 4 (Quality Education), 5 (Gender Equality), and 13 (Climate Action). While commitment from institutions and sustainability policies are significant drivers, limited financial resources and awareness create obstacles. The study concludes that technology-based distance education offers a strong and inventive platform for promoting global sustainability education.
- Rede de sustentabilidade das instituições do ensino superior nos países e regiões de língua portuguesa: consolidação e perspectivasPublication . Bizerril, Marcelo; Margarida Mano; Caeiro, Sandra; Martins, António GomesPara que a sustentabilidade seja um conceito e uma prática assumidos globalmente, o conhecimento sobre o tema precisa ser compartilhado e, para isso, a cooperação internacional é essencial. No caso dos países de língua portuguesa (PLP), as similaridades culturais, dentre as quais a própria língua, e outras aproximações sociais e ambientais indicam um grande potencial para que tal cooperação ocorra satisfatoriamente. É nesse sentido que o Fórum da Gestão do Ensino Superior em Países e Regiões de Língua Portuguesa (FORGES) vem atuando desde 2020 por meio da Academia FORGES – Sustentabilidade no Ensino Superior. As ações visam a promoção da sustentabilidade socioambiental, sensibilizando gestores para o tema e visando a sua institucionalização nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), o que culminou na articulação de uma Rede de Sustentabilidade no Ensino Superior nos Países e Regiões de Língua Portuguesa. Esse artigo descreve as principais ações desenvolvidas e as perspectivas da Rede como contribuições para que sejam atingidas as metas da Agenda 2030 nessas regiões, através do ensino superior.
- Um estudo sobre teorias organizacionais e fatores para avaliar riscos de sustentabilidade em cadeias de suprimentosPublication . Romano, André Luis; Ferreira, Luis Miguel; Caeiro, SandraA gestão dos riscos de sustentabilidade nas cadeias de suprimentos é um elemento fundamental para as organizações atualmente, sendo decisiva para o sucesso empresarial. O objetivo desta pesquisa é contribuir para o aprimoramento do conhecimento sobre os riscos de sustentabilidade nas cadeias de suprimentos por meio de uma revisão da literatura e, com base em teorias organizacionais, identificar lentes para apoiar a análise dos aspectos contextuais desses riscos. O estudo revisou a literatura sobre gestão de riscos de sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos, identificando fatores e práticas-chave. Destacou-se a importância de estudar gestão e sustentabilidade em países em desenvolvimento, como a América Latina, para compreender os desafios e oportunidades em diferentes contextos. As empresas geralmente não têm a capacidade de gerenciar todos os pontos em sua cadeia de suprimentos. Nesse sentido, um estudo sobre teorias organizacionais permitirá a discussão de lentes teóricas para compreender aspectos dos riscos de sustentabilidade nas cadeias de suprimentos, envolvendo aspectos institucionais, culturais e éticos, entre outras teorias organizacionais. As teorias organizacionais fornecem uma fonte valiosa de pesquisa sobre sustentabilidade. Existem oportunidades para pesquisas com teorias já aplicadas ou a serem desenvolvidas. O estudo ofereceu uma visão da gestão dos riscos de sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos, com facilitadores e obstáculos para um gerenciamento adequado de ameaças no contexto dessas cadeias, bem como possíveis teorias que podem ajudar na implementação da sustentabilidade em organizações e suas cadeias. Este estudo contribui para a literatura, em temas menos explorados, apresentando conhecimentos sobre riscos de sustentabilidade na cadeia de suprimentos por meio de lentes de algumas das teorias organizacionais disponíveis.
- Fast growing informal peri-urbanization in Africa: the role of local practices in assessing sustainability and planningPublication . Carrilho, João; Balas, Marisa; Dgedge, Gustavo; Trindade, JorgePeri-urbanization occurs differently across world regions, through urban sprawl, local development, and rural exodus. The latter is typical in primarily rural, fast urbanizing underdeveloped regions in an African context. In those regions, semi-urban settlements develop informally from local practices. For their large numbers, undertaking formal assessments and land use planning to any significant extent is impractical. The study applied a flexible framework to assess the role of local practices on sustainability in rapidly expanding settlements in peri-urban areas and how technical resources and narratives can influence and take advantage of such practices. The work reports a mixed-methods case study conducted in settlements North of Maputo, Mozambique using territorial and social cohesion as proxies for sustainability and as a guide for planning interventions priorities. The study used publicly available and participatory geographic information, limited expert opinion surveys, focus group discussions, and individual satisfaction surveys. We show that, while facing limitations, informal practices are conscious of the local suitability of risks in settlements land use planning and favor social cohesion. The framework supports existing theories and reveals that local microscale traditional physical planning brings marginal gains. The research suggests priority to interventions with a higher impact on territorial and social cohesion, such as narrative-based local institutional innovations, enhancing knowledge exchange on standards and risk management solutions, enforcing regulations, and improving regional networking infrastructure and practices, in face of limited resources and city and regional planners. Research is needed to improve the frameworks' replicability as a new tool to assist in peri-urbanization governance.
- Solid-liquid phase diagram of the dimethyl + dipropyl adipates system: application to low-temperature thermal energy storagePublication . Sequeira, Maria Carolina; Nikitin, Timur; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Diogo, Herminio; Fareleira, João; Fausto, RuiThe present study is the continuation of our research work on di-n-alkyl adipates and their potential as phase change materials (PCM) for low-temperature thermal energy storage (TES). The solid–liquid phase diagram for the binary system composed of dimethyl adipate (DMA) and dipropyl adipate (DPA) is presented and analysed. In a previous study, we explored a particular binary system of n-alkyl adipates, namely diethyl and dibutyl adipates, and demonstrated that these compounds possess underappreciated potential as PCMs at sub-zero temperatures. The goal of the current work is to expand on this research by contributing new phase equilibrium data and deepening our understanding of the fundamental thermodynamics governing low-temperature phase behaviour in di-n-alkyl-adipates. The phase diagram for the DMA + DPA binary system was obtained using three complementary techniques: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot-stage microscopy (HSM), and Raman spectroscopy. DSC analysis of sixteen compositions, including the two pure compounds, provided both the temperature and enthalpy values for the solid–liquid and solid–solid phase transitions. The binary system displays eutectic behaviour at low temperatures, with the eutectic point found at 252.83 K and a composition of approximately xDPA = 0.77. Raman spectroscopy confirmed that the system is characterized by a non-isomorphic eutectic phase diagram, indicating differences in the crystal structures of the solid phases. The liquidus line of the binary phase diagram was successfully described using a suitable fitting equation, yielding a root mean square deviation of 0.65 K, indicating excellent agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical model. This fitting also allowed an accurate prediction of the eutectic composition and temperature. A Tammann diagram is also presented, further confirming the eutectic composition and associated enthalpy. This work addresses a gap in the literature by presenting, for the first time, the solid–liquid phase equilibrium behaviour of the DMA + DPA binary system (including the detailed solid–liquid phase diagram of the system). The findings provide valuable insight into the potential use of this system as PCM for sub-zero TES applications, supporting their consideration in future thermal energy storage technologies.
- Phase equilibrium of n-Nonane + n-Decane for low-temperature thermal energy storage: insights into odd–even effectsPublication . Sequeira, Maria Carolina; Nikitin, Timur; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Diogo, Herminio; Fareleira, João; Fausto, RuiThe present article presents the solid–liquid phase diagram of a binary system composed of an n-alkane with an odd number of carbon atoms, namely, n-nonane (n-C9), with an even-numbered one, namely n-decane (n-C10). This work is part of a series of phase equilibrium studies on n-alkanes for low-temperature thermal energy storage (TES) applications. The ultimate purpose of this work is to investigate the adequacy of this binary system to be used as a Phase Change Material (PCM) at low temperatures. Additionally, along the equilibrium studies on linear alkanes, an interesting feature has emerged: the solid–liquid phase diagrams of binary n-alkane systems apparently show a striking dependence on the odd or even number of carbon atoms in their chains. The phase diagram for the system n-C9 + n-C10 has primarily been obtained using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), whose results have been complemented by Hot-Stage Microscopy (HSM) and low-temperature Raman Spectroscopy results. The DSC analysis provided both the temperature and enthalpy values for the observed solid–liquid and solid–solid phase transitions. The n-C9 + n-C10 binary system seems to display a peritectic solid–liquid phase diagram at low temperatures. The peritectic temperature found was 222.41 K, with a peritectic composition around xnonane = 0.60. Those results confirmed the initial suggestions that this would be a peritectic system, based on previously observed odd–even effects on phase equilibrium behavior of alkane mixtures. The goal of this work is to extend new insights into the solid–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of the binary system n-C9 + n-C10, a topic not yet covered in the literature. This information, consequently, provides practical and essential information on the potential use of this system as PCM for low-temperature TES applications. Additionally, it contributes to support the important discussion on the effect of odd–even number of carbons of the individual n-alkanes in the solid–liquid phase equilibrium behavior of their binary mixtures. The solid–liquid diagram of this system is being published for the first time, as far as the authors are aware.