ÁREAS CIENTÍFICAS / SCIENTIFIC AREAS
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing ÁREAS CIENTÍFICAS / SCIENTIFIC AREAS by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "08:Trabalho Digno e Crescimento Económico"
Now showing 1 - 10 of 211
Results Per Page
Sort Options
- Act-now: fairness revisitedPublication . Iazdi, Oz Solon Chovghi; Pooe, Keletso; Jacquinet, MarcThe present global pandemic crisis has revealed the strengths and weaknesses of the institutional frameworks of contemporary societies. These institutional structures are solidly grounded upon the belief systems that have been dominant for the last five hundred years, both in the Northern and the Southern hemispheres. No matter the contradictions and contrasting characteristics, certain epistemic, methodological and paradigmatic traits can be identified across national cultures, political regimes, ideological doctrines, social traditions and historical processes. In other words, no matter the opposition and dissimilarity across subjective and objective human realities, nevertheless, it is possible to argue that the last few centuries have created a powerful overall zeitgeist, the spirit of time, that unites local and global, individual and collective, and internal and external realities across the globe. These under currents help to interpret present day paradoxes, ambiguities and contradictions, all of which are at the core of latent and explicit conflicts and antagonisms, blocking eventual possible solutions to emerge and develop.
- Administração pública, empreendedorismo, inovação e gestão do conhecimento: uma perspectiva sobre o capital humanoPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Caetano, João Relvão“Administração pública, Empreendedorismo, Inovação e gestão do conhecimento: Uma Perspectiva sobre o capital humano”; 6º Congresso do INA (Instituto Nacional de Administração), 29–30 Outubro de 2008.
- Agrarian migrant workers in times of Covid-19 pandemic: the cases of Spain and PortugalPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Bussotti, LucaThe research addresses the impact of the pandemic on rural migrant workers in two Southern European countries that are at the center of a restructured supply chains of fresh vegetables: Portugal and Spain, where a new political economy of agriculture emerged in the last decades. These two well-known countries for wine produce also olive, olive oils, almonds, tomatoes, oranges, grapes, and other fruits and vegetables. Traditionally, the workers were still in the 1990s mostly coming from local places. Now, immigrants from Sub-Saharan and Northern Africa and from Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and Asia are a large part of the agrarian labor force. The vulnerability, discrimination, and difficulties of livelihood of these migrants workers are common currency and, despite contradictory economic incentives, the pandemic has made matters worst, especially for women and individuals not speaking the local languages. After describing the historical evolution and differences of the agrarian sectors of the two countries for fresh fruits and vegetables, we discuss the impact of the pandemic with a focus on gender. Whereas the situation before the pandemic was precarious and slowly improving on some counts, namely the increase of worker organization, the current process is one of recess. The paper identifies questions neglected by the literature on the pandemic in rural areas, in particular the vulnerability of immigrant workers to hunger, austerity, gender divide and discrimination, health risks, heavy constrained work, deportation, joblessness, and the lack of policies to ease social and economic ills beyond the focus on temporary normalization and repression.
- Alterações no poder (força, riqueza e conhecimento)Publication . Sousa, Ivo Dias deObjetivos: Apresentar a força, riqueza e conhecimento como formas de poder. Conhecimento: O Supremo Substituto
- "O amianto em Portugal: o cumprimento da Lei 2/2011, sobre amianto em edifícios públicos"Publication . Janela, JoséDepoimento sobre uma Dissertação de Mestrado em Cidadania e Ambiente sobre o amianto em Portugal.
- An open participatory conceptual framework to support state of the environment and sustainability reportsPublication . Ramos, Tomás B.; Martins, Ivone P.; Martinho, Ana Paula; Douglas, Calbert H.; Painho, Marco; Caeiro, SandraIt is fundamental to monitor, evaluate and report the state of the environment at global and local levels, to better implement sustainable development principles and practices. The State of the Environment and Sustainability Reports should be written in an understandable and accessible way for stakeholders and also be developed from the beginning with its involvement and participation. Despite several initiatives that refer public engagement in State of the Environment and Sustainability Reports, from the national to the corporate levels, usually the participatory approaches are restricted to consultations of key actors. They do not explore the role that could be played by stakeholders as part of the report staff, from designing to production and reviewing. The aim of this research is to develop a conceptual framework to support open participatory, interactive and adaptive State of the Environment and Sustainability Reports, where the stakeholders’ involvement (non-experts and experts) will effectively contribute to the design, data gath- ering and evaluations produced in the reports. The proposed open participatory approach will support the design and implementation of a collaborative report. The stakeholders’ assessment of the State of the Environment and Sustainability Reports can also be used as an indirect way for formal results evaluation, allowing for cross-validation. The paper analyses and explores two practices of regular and formal State of the Environment reports: the “European Environment e State and Outlook (transnational scale) and the “Portuguese State of the Environment Report” (national scale). In both reporting initiatives, the partici- patory approaches in the design and production of the reports are weak or inexistent and many times merely formal. A set of steps and procedures, embedded in a formal framework, is proposed for adoption in the both initiatives. The proposed framework should be implemented through gradually and prioritised steps to mitigate practical difficulties, due to the complexity of institutional reporting processes. The open participatory State of the Environment and Sustainability Report will represent a joint commitment among stakeholders for active reporting development with new information and knowledge. Rethinking tradi- tional reporting and related participatory approaches can move the State of the Environment and Sus- tainability Reports to a new stage of evolution: a continuous updating of information. In this process, data and information will come from formal and informal sources and, stakeholders can scrutinize each other’s participation and increase the overall content and quality of the collaborative disclosures.
- An overview of the systemic risk measuresPublication . Basílio, Jorge; Oliveira, Amilcar; Mahmoudvand, RahimSystemic risk is a specific type of risk that refers to the risk of an complex system to be affect or even collapse due to individual action taken by the agents that compounds that complex system. The goals of this work is based on an axiomatic approach establish a critic description of the most relevant methods used in the determination of systemic risk and identify advantages and disadvantages associated to those methods.
- Análise custo benefício - ACBPublication . Jacquinet, MarcExistem duas abordagens tradicionais à avaliação dos custos e benefícios na ciência económica (economia política ou economics): a primeira é a abordagem neoclássica que foca o preço de mercado e os critérios de mercados concorrenciais ou quaisquer equivalente de estimativa de um benefício ou custo monetário. A segunda é o método do cálculo do rendimento social ou estimativa do custo/benefício ou valor social. Além destas duas categorias de abordagens, existem (novas e não tão novas) abordagens heterodoxas —constituindo uma terceira categoria — que consideram ou irem além do mercado ou do custo social ou ainda de ir além de ambos. A questão do impacto, do valor de serviço ambiental encontra-se em todas as três categorias de abordagens.
- Analysis of the inequality into distributions: an alternative approach to the Gini index applied to the spending environmental in EUPublication . Seijas-Macias, Antonio; Oliveira, Amilcar; Oliveira, Teresa A.The Gini index is the most common tool to measure inequality into two distributions. Traditionally, the Gini index and the curve of Lorenz are focused on inequalities measures in the income distribution between countries or regions. But, in the last years, several authors have shown some limitations of the Gini index. In particular, it’s less sensitive to inequality at the tail of income distribution. This type of problem in the Gini index could produce two types of reactions: a new reinterpretation of the Gini index and the proposal of some alternative measures to it. In this paper, we follow the previous work using the Csiszar f-divergence to propose using the α-divergences approach to analyze the differences between the Gini index approach and these alternatives. The Gini index has been applied to the measure of resource inequalities. The AR-Gini is an area-based measure of resource inequality that estimates inequalities between neighbourhoods regarding the consumption of specific consumer goods (Druckman and Jackson, 2008). The AR-Gini could be a useful tool to monitor the distributional impacts of resource-related interventions, but this indicator presents the same overcomes as the Gini index. We can use the Gini concentration coefficient as a measure of the concentration of distribution of a random variable, especially applied to time series of data. In recent years, several studies have studied environmental spending in the European Union (EU). We focus our analysis on the distribution of this type of spending between the countries of the EU. The objective of this study is to show the differences in indexes applied to the study of the distribution of the distribution of monetary resources to environmental conservation and the extension of environmental protected areas into the countries of the European Union (EU). In our comparative study, we use the Gini index and the α-divergence measure and compare the results to get the most accurate measure of the equity of the distribution.
- Artificial intelligence, big data, platform capitalism and public policy: an evolutionary perspectivePublication . Jacquinet, MarcThe present paper aims to discuss the change in political economy when considering the new context and complexity of social, environmental and economic issues today, and more recently all the debates around artificial intelligence, big data and platform capitalism. First, it is important that the reflection be situated in the new and latest phase of transformation of the capitalist system, either globally or locally. Second, the convergence between artificial intelligence, big data, computer science and platforms is not fortuitous and there is more than buzzwords, but new real economic processes emerging. Third, the evolutionary perspective adopted here is based on complexity theory and the recent developments in the study of innovation, technological change and institutions, from a rather heterodox view mixed with economic history. Fourth, the historical dimension of change and the need to adopt a long view of historical processes, namely because of uncertainty, ignorance and constraints on economic agents. Finally, the problem of framing political issues and measures is tackled and is related to the level of complexity of what is at stake with the digital transformation of capitalist economies and different types of democratic societies.