Gestão e Economia | Capítulos/artigos em livros internacionais / Book chapters/papers in international books
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- The specifics of the teacher’s education adapted towards new technologiesPublication . Reis, Felipa Lopes dos; Martins, António Eduardo Pais Falcão BarbosaThe education of teachers in new technologies allows each teacher to understand, through his own reality, interests and expectations, how technologies can be useful, the effective use of technology by the student first undergoing assimilation by the teachers. After all, if someone introduces computers to universities without proper attention paid to teachers, the benefit that students are going to ultimately derive from it is of low quality and usefulness. To reach positive effects it’s fundamental to consider an intensive initial enabling of capacity, starting with the teachers that may incentivise their students. Keywords
- The importance of collaboration in knowledge management in public services: creating value for stakeholdersPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Zimmermann, Ricardo Augusto; AL-SHAMMARI, M.Knowledge management, understood as a means of value creation for stakeholders, has become one of the main concerns of the “New Economy,” and therefore, is receiving a great deal of interest from academics as well as the business world. Formerly restricted to private companies, the concern for knowledge management is now studied in public institutions in order to understand the influence of customers’ demands. As public services are part of a complex network in which citizens are the main players, public authorities are increasingly trying to identify and deploy programs that promote the modernization and simplification of Portuguese public services. Knowledge management activities play an important role in these programs; therefore, this study seeks to understand how collaborative knowledge practices are implemented in Portuguese public services. This study aims primarily at understanding the importance of collaboration in knowledge management having the value creation for Portuguese public institution stakeholders’ in mind. In order to gain a better understanding of this theme, this chapter presents a case study involving the Simplex Program, created and managed by Agência para a Modernização Administrativa (AMA) and its implementation in the municipal councils of Porto and Águeda and the Inter-municipal Community of Vale do Minho.
- Internationalization approaches of the automotive innovation system: a historical perspective: a historical perspectivePublication . Moreira, Antonio; Carvalho, Ana Carolina; Teixeira, A.
- Incubation of new ideas: extending incubation models to less-favored regionsPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Carvalho, M.; Burger-Helmchen, T.
- The impact of ICT and online social networks on health and social servicesPublication . Porfírio, José; Jacquinet, Marc; Carrilho, TiagoOne of the domains where ICTs’ impact on healthcare and social services can be assessed is through the presence of healthcare interactions in virtual social networks, blogs and portals. The emerging concept of e-health is covering part of this new phenomena and our task is to make a clear statement of the problem, what are the relevant dimensions and the impacts of new technologies and practices in health and social services and how this is changing the present business models in these industries. The present chapter deals with three main issues. The first about the Concept of E-health. The second issue is related to the Healthcare online social networks. In this domain we consider that it is important to distinguish different types of networks taking into consideration their aim, since they will have different implications both for business as usual and for strategic purposes of different healthcare services’ providers. Finally, we will assess the ICTs impact on healthcare on the domain of e-business. By integrating these different concepts, we will try to demonstrate how ICTs directed to healthcare are changing the underlying structure of healthcare businesses, supplying new business models and becoming a driver for change and productivity gains while contributing to infrastructure and skill development to healthcare. These changes are posing interesting strategic challenges to the healthcare sector that is worthwhile to consider and equate in light of the conditions required for success.
- Critique of new economic geography to understand rural development: the influence of corporate strategyPublication . Porfírio, JoséThe economic development of societies has been, in general, from the agricultural to the services sector, making economies less real and more dependent on the intangible sectors. Agriculture was an important component of economic geography through the 1950s. But with the rise of model-building and quantitative methods, especially after the 1960s, the focus shifted to studies of industry. Most of the first studies about farming were in the sub-field of agricultural geography. ‘The result was that studies of agriculture within geography were cast either as old fashioned and backward looking or derivative of industrial geography (…) In any case, the secondary status of agriculture within economic geography was cemented into place’ (Page, 2000 [2003]). From the late 1970s, regional development theories became most oriented to the high technology industries. Economic theory was particularly concerned to explain the uneven income distribution between regions and the apparently better propensity of some regions to develop high-tech economic bases (Storper, 1997), related to both industry and the services sector. At the same time, associated with these tendencies, the economic theories that studied this evolution became more urban and less rural. In this sense, it is possible to say that, nowadays, there seems to be a kind of dogmatic position in economics that the evolution of societies should be made from the agricultural to the services sector. As a consequence, we see that the majority of the main economic theories that are available in the literature, and that can be heard in presentations made at international conferences, are dealing with the manufacturing or the services sector, while only a few theoretical papers in economics are dedicated to agriculture or primary sector activities. The 1990s saw the emergence of the New Economic Geography (NEG). NEG is mainly a ‘theoretical body of knowledge’ (Krugman, 1991b) – in the ‘new’ wave of economic theories – that asserts that the world is divided between a certain number of ‘centres’ and a huge number of ‘peripheral regions’ that surrounds these ‘centres’.According to the principles of NEG, it may be argued that the agricultural activities represent a burden for the regions, once the NEG’s authors were able to show, through the development and use of complex mathematical models, that the development dynamics of regions, heavily dependent on agriculture or agriculture-related activities –, even if we are talking about industries with the same characteristics as agriculture – will push them to the peripheral condition of less developed regions in contrast with any developed centre. The present financial and economic crisis that is affecting most of the world economies has increased the relevance of transaction costs as determinants of economic development and, at the same time, has thrown into question economic development patterns. We believe that this change will make the primary sector a vital sector in future economic development of each country and in particular it will be crucial in terms of the development of certain regions where these activities are more predominant. In accordance with this train of thought, in this chapter we try to explain a different possible view of development. We propose that, under certain conditions and armed with an adequate theoretical framework, it may be possible to see an alternative path of development for regions dependent on agriculture. This chapter is divided into four sections. Section 5.2. presents a brief overview of the evolution of economic theories explaining growth and development. In this section, we aim to show how the development of economics has led to the emergence of the NEG body of knowledge. Section 5.3. is dedicated, in particular, to the NEG’s ‘body of knowledge’. We start by briefly presenting NEG theory and its principles. Knowledge about the principles of NEG is very important in order to understand our view that the conclusions of NEG about the agricultural sector are of limited relevance if we take into consideration, first what should be the real importance of agriculture for societies in the near future; and, second, the impacts of introducing strategy (considered from the point of view of the individuals, the enterprises, the regions, or the country as a whole) into our analysis of rural development. This job is done in Section 5.4, where we analyse what we call the pitfalls of NEG concerning agriculture and their consequences regarding the conclusions of rural development theories. In Section 5.5, we explain the limitations of the present theories, and present a possible new framework for economic analysis of agricultural and rural regions that might leverage these new insights. To this end we propose the new concept of Agricultural District.
- Single minute exchange of die and organizational innovation in seven small and medium-sized firmsPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Carcia-Alcaraz, J. L.; Maldonado-Macias, A. A.; Cortes-Robles, G.Innovation plays a very important role in businesses competitiveness. As Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) stem for more than 95 % of the industrial fabric in the developed world, the improvement of the industrial production or the provision of a service are key to increase their productivity and competitiveness. The Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED) is a Japanese process-based innovative methodology that involves the separation and conversion of internal setup operations into external ones. The SMED makes it possible for firms to reduce their lead times and to eliminate wastefulness during changeover activities. Although organizational innovation is a very important tool, it plays a silent role in productivity improvement, as it is less tangible than product or process innovation. Moreover, studies about SMED implementation and how teams have managed to achieve their results are still very limited among SMEs. The main objective of this chapter is to provide the results of seven projects involving business-university partnerships addressing this understudied topic: SMED implementation and organizational innovation in SMEs. The main finding of this study is that all firms managed to improve their setup times, although the results vary extensively. From the organizational innovation point of view, only one firm failed to intertwine the initiation and the implementation stages. Although all firms have initiation-implementation routines, there are clear differences among them. As a result, although it is possible to claim that all SMEs analyzed are ambidextrous organizations, their initiation-implementation routines, deserve deeper comprehension.
- Recensão crítica: Personal development 10-10-10 : a life-transforming ideaPublication . Sousa, Ivo Dias de“10-10-10: A Life-Transforming Idea” is a short book by Suzi Welch that describes a simple and highly effective notion. The book gives us strategies to make decisions quickly and well in all areas of our life like work, business decisions, parenting, love and friendship. It´s author, Suzy Welch was an editor-in-chief of the Harvard Business Review. Besides being an author, she is also a television commentator, a business journalist and she writes a column about work/life for “The Oprah Magazine”. The author wrote the bestseller book “Winning” with her famous husband Jack Welch, that was the former CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001.
- New product development and the challenges of internationalizationPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Silva, Pedro Miguel Freitas da; Carvalho, Luísa Margarida CagicaThe internationalization of firms has reached levels never seen before. As a consequence and in order to face the new competitive challenges of globalized markets, industrial small and medium-sized enterprises must be able to adapt to new organizational approaches, to innovate and to further develop their networks. Based on a case study, this chapter reviews the literature on internationalization and networks and addresses a less researched topic of supplier-clients relationships in the value chain referring to the importance of the networks, resources and collaborative new product development on the internationalization process of firms. The case reports a successful ex-small technical textile company that leveraged its competitive strategy based on technology-based paths and is thriving in both domestic and international markets.
- Supply chain management: identifying innovative suppliersPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Carvalho, Ana Carolina Soares de; Carvalho, Luísa Margarida CagicaThe main purpose of this chapter is to develop an exploratory proposal for identifying innovative suppliers, creating knowledge in an area not very deeply explored. Based on a literature revision based on the innovative supplier identification and management, the study suggests that innovative suppliers are highly specialized and technically competent companies, located nearby their customers and take part on their client’s improvement program. Based on the literature revision, a framework analyzing client-supplier relationships throughout the supply chain is proposed. The framework uses the strategic alignment concept between clients and suppliers. Finally, 61 questions were developed to identify the innovative suppliers.