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- The specifics of the teacher’s education adapted towards new technologiesPublication . Reis, Felipa Lopes dos; Martins, António Eduardo Pais Falcão BarbosaThe education of teachers in new technologies allows each teacher to understand, through his own reality, interests and expectations, how technologies can be useful, the effective use of technology by the student first undergoing assimilation by the teachers. After all, if someone introduces computers to universities without proper attention paid to teachers, the benefit that students are going to ultimately derive from it is of low quality and usefulness. To reach positive effects it’s fundamental to consider an intensive initial enabling of capacity, starting with the teachers that may incentivise their students. Keywords
- The impact of ICT and online social networks on health and social servicesPublication . Porfírio, José; Jacquinet, Marc; Carrilho, TiagoOne of the domains where ICTs’ impact on healthcare and social services can be assessed is through the presence of healthcare interactions in virtual social networks, blogs and portals. The emerging concept of e-health is covering part of this new phenomena and our task is to make a clear statement of the problem, what are the relevant dimensions and the impacts of new technologies and practices in health and social services and how this is changing the present business models in these industries. The present chapter deals with three main issues. The first about the Concept of E-health. The second issue is related to the Healthcare online social networks. In this domain we consider that it is important to distinguish different types of networks taking into consideration their aim, since they will have different implications both for business as usual and for strategic purposes of different healthcare services’ providers. Finally, we will assess the ICTs impact on healthcare on the domain of e-business. By integrating these different concepts, we will try to demonstrate how ICTs directed to healthcare are changing the underlying structure of healthcare businesses, supplying new business models and becoming a driver for change and productivity gains while contributing to infrastructure and skill development to healthcare. These changes are posing interesting strategic challenges to the healthcare sector that is worthwhile to consider and equate in light of the conditions required for success.
- Critique of new economic geography to understand rural development: the influence of corporate strategyPublication . Porfírio, JoséThe economic development of societies has been, in general, from the agricultural to the services sector, making economies less real and more dependent on the intangible sectors. Agriculture was an important component of economic geography through the 1950s. But with the rise of model-building and quantitative methods, especially after the 1960s, the focus shifted to studies of industry. Most of the first studies about farming were in the sub-field of agricultural geography. ‘The result was that studies of agriculture within geography were cast either as old fashioned and backward looking or derivative of industrial geography (…) In any case, the secondary status of agriculture within economic geography was cemented into place’ (Page, 2000 [2003]). From the late 1970s, regional development theories became most oriented to the high technology industries. Economic theory was particularly concerned to explain the uneven income distribution between regions and the apparently better propensity of some regions to develop high-tech economic bases (Storper, 1997), related to both industry and the services sector. At the same time, associated with these tendencies, the economic theories that studied this evolution became more urban and less rural. In this sense, it is possible to say that, nowadays, there seems to be a kind of dogmatic position in economics that the evolution of societies should be made from the agricultural to the services sector. As a consequence, we see that the majority of the main economic theories that are available in the literature, and that can be heard in presentations made at international conferences, are dealing with the manufacturing or the services sector, while only a few theoretical papers in economics are dedicated to agriculture or primary sector activities. The 1990s saw the emergence of the New Economic Geography (NEG). NEG is mainly a ‘theoretical body of knowledge’ (Krugman, 1991b) – in the ‘new’ wave of economic theories – that asserts that the world is divided between a certain number of ‘centres’ and a huge number of ‘peripheral regions’ that surrounds these ‘centres’.According to the principles of NEG, it may be argued that the agricultural activities represent a burden for the regions, once the NEG’s authors were able to show, through the development and use of complex mathematical models, that the development dynamics of regions, heavily dependent on agriculture or agriculture-related activities –, even if we are talking about industries with the same characteristics as agriculture – will push them to the peripheral condition of less developed regions in contrast with any developed centre. The present financial and economic crisis that is affecting most of the world economies has increased the relevance of transaction costs as determinants of economic development and, at the same time, has thrown into question economic development patterns. We believe that this change will make the primary sector a vital sector in future economic development of each country and in particular it will be crucial in terms of the development of certain regions where these activities are more predominant. In accordance with this train of thought, in this chapter we try to explain a different possible view of development. We propose that, under certain conditions and armed with an adequate theoretical framework, it may be possible to see an alternative path of development for regions dependent on agriculture. This chapter is divided into four sections. Section 5.2. presents a brief overview of the evolution of economic theories explaining growth and development. In this section, we aim to show how the development of economics has led to the emergence of the NEG body of knowledge. Section 5.3. is dedicated, in particular, to the NEG’s ‘body of knowledge’. We start by briefly presenting NEG theory and its principles. Knowledge about the principles of NEG is very important in order to understand our view that the conclusions of NEG about the agricultural sector are of limited relevance if we take into consideration, first what should be the real importance of agriculture for societies in the near future; and, second, the impacts of introducing strategy (considered from the point of view of the individuals, the enterprises, the regions, or the country as a whole) into our analysis of rural development. This job is done in Section 5.4, where we analyse what we call the pitfalls of NEG concerning agriculture and their consequences regarding the conclusions of rural development theories. In Section 5.5, we explain the limitations of the present theories, and present a possible new framework for economic analysis of agricultural and rural regions that might leverage these new insights. To this end we propose the new concept of Agricultural District.
- Recensão crítica: Personal development 10-10-10 : a life-transforming ideaPublication . Sousa, Ivo Dias de“10-10-10: A Life-Transforming Idea” is a short book by Suzi Welch that describes a simple and highly effective notion. The book gives us strategies to make decisions quickly and well in all areas of our life like work, business decisions, parenting, love and friendship. It´s author, Suzy Welch was an editor-in-chief of the Harvard Business Review. Besides being an author, she is also a television commentator, a business journalist and she writes a column about work/life for “The Oprah Magazine”. The author wrote the bestseller book “Winning” with her famous husband Jack Welch, that was the former CEO of General Electric between 1981 and 2001.
- Conditions for entrepreneurship development in creative industries in PortugalPublication . Carrilho, Tiago; Porfírio, JoséCreative Industries are at the core of the development of modern societies, fuelling innovation and promoting the development of new business models. However, the adequate conditions for the development of Creative Industries is not usually spontaneous, and must be developed. At the same time, likewise other types of entrepreneurs, creative entrepreneurs present some idiosyncratic characteristics that make them “special”. In the present paper we present the preliminary results for Portugal, of a large study conducted among creative entrepreneurs in some Southern European countries and in the UK, under an EU project. The principal objective of this paper is to present the conditions that established creative entrepreneurs in Portugal consider vital for their establishment and the inherent development of their businesses. We conclude that the development of creative entrepreneurship has implicit specific characteristics that differentiate it from the overall entrepreneurship picture, and that creative entrepreneurs, although present also some differences according to the different sectors of creative industries considered, are in themselves different from the general entrepreneurs. This may have consequences at the level of public policies’ conception and implementation that must be considered by the countries that want to promote entrepreneurship in creative industries.
- Opportunities and challenges for electronic health record: concepts, costs, benefits, and regulationPublication . Jacquinet, Marc; Curado, HenriqueIn this section, after a brief history, the issue of definition and several dimensions of electronic health records will be tackled. If the first known medical records can be traced to Hippocrates and the goals he attributed to these records were to describe accurately the course of a disease and gives a probable cause of it; the electronic dimension of these records can be traced back to the 1960s in some hospitals that started a more systematic recording and use of patients’ data by services and doctors. But it is still more recently, in the 1990s, with the ever wider use of internet and online databases that the electronic health record emerged as a new tool in the public health systems of OECD countries. There are different definitions of electronic health record, depending on the theoretical perspective or even the main user or the political point of departure taken in the implementation process. Even so, here and in the literature on the subject, the electronic health record has become and is the generic term. Other focuses like electronic medical record (or registry) and the electronic patient record are based on either the perspective of the user or the subject of the information. All these expressions are part of the general move from traditional management of health and medicine to electronic health and medicine or e-health (written more and more frequently ehealth as its use spreads across countries and within national health and health care systems). To settle the record straight, the definition of the Electronic Health Record that can serve as a consensus for the current exposition as well as a starting point for further research is the one given by the International Standards Organization
- The emergence of biobanks: between ethics, risks, and governancePublication . Downey, Catarina; Curado, Henrique; Jacquinet, MarcPublic health research and planning, and the development of more effective therapies for individuals may take on radical new dimensions with the newly information made available through biobanks. Furthermore, the information that can be disclosed about an individual can also be used, intentionally or unintentionally, for economic and social discrimination, especially in insurance, employment, attribution of bank credits and other access issues (Rose & Novas, 2005). Alongside the scientific revolution, the European understanding and acceptance of biotechnology evolved. Data protection is an important aspect of medical data and a major condition for the safeguarding of fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals, especially privacy. However, the development of these important safeguards still requires the consideration of many key questions about the meaning of privacy in relation to genetic information and about effective protection of legitimate rights (Taylor & Townend, 2010. Several studies have been devoted to the ethical, regulatory and social challenges associated with biobanks, particularly in relation to consent and privacy.
- Promoting entrepreneurship in cultural and creative industries in Europe: creative industries entrepreneur’s network : the CINet projectPublication . Porfírio, José; Hassid, Joseph; Carrilho, TiagoCINet, the Creative Industries Network of Entrepreneurs was a project inspired in the unique ecology of Nottingham’s creative industry sector. The project was funded by the European Commission under Leonardo da Vinci Transfer of Innovation Program (cinet.eu.uab.pt) CINet brings together creative industry clusters in Nottingham, Greece, Portugal and Spain. Its aim was to facilitate shared learning amongst entrepreneurs and to promote entrepreneurship in the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCI) by developing the conditions for learning and collaborative advantage within small firm clusters. CINet Partners came from several southern European countries (Portugal, Spain, Greece and France), the UK and Romania. They were: • Universidade Aberta, Lisbon (Portugal) – Project Coordinator • UK WON (UK Work Organisation Network) • Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain) • University of Piraeus Research Centre-UPRC, Athens (Greece) • Association for Education and Sustainable Development (Romania) • DNA, Cascais (Portugal) • Media Deals Association (France) CINet developed an acceleration program that was offered through three main modalities: full eLearning; blended-learning and full face-to-face training. This permitted to test the different conditions and respective advantages and drawbacks of training entrepreneurs. The outcomes of the project allowed the creation of a network of creative entrepreneurs between the three Southern European Countries involved; an improvement of knowledge concerning important differences deriving from the different type of entrepreneurship training delivery, and also the need to consider different cultural conditions when defining public policies and actions concerning entrepreneurship development in CCIs.
- How social entrepreneurship promotes sustainable development: with some examples from developed and developing countriesPublication . Bento, Paulo; Jacquinet, Marc; Albuquerque, RosanaThis chapter aims to show how social entrepreneurship contributes to solving persistent and complex problems in various parts of the world, in developed and developing countries, and, this way, how it contributes to sustainable development. By the theory review, research has focused on the activity of social enterprises. Considering the impact that social entrepreneurship has in the communities, there appears to be a clear surplus between results and resources used, both material and human, with a substantial incidence of volunteering. From the results of our study, including the examples of social enterprises presented, it is possible to imagine how empowering communities can contribute to a more sustainable future. Social entrepreneurship is still recent regarding its academic study, and several authors such as Roberts and Woods (Europe 7:45–51, 2000) or Parente et al. (Empreendedorismo social: Contributos teóricos para a sua definição, 2011) refer the scarcity and some confusion still existing in the literature. This work can help improve this picture. This chapter can contribute, in a relevant way, for the knowledge of how social entrepreneurship has an impact on the dynamics of the territories where it operates. And it goes beyond the more traditional approach, considering not only the situation in developing regions but also addressing social entrepreneurship in developed countries.
- Decision making in rural tourism management: the case of AlgarvePublication . Pego, Ana; Bernardo, Maria do Rosário MatosDecision making is an important role performed by managers. This chapter will analyze the importance of information systems (IS) on the decision-making process at rural organizations in Portugal's Algarve region. Managers' perceptions were analyzed and compared with the decision-making process model proposed in this chapter, which was based on the models of Simon (1977) and Mintzberg, Raisinghani, and Theorêt (1976). This chapter will discuss the capacity of rural tourism organizations to solve problems, as well as review the time needed to solve problems through the use of IS. This chapter will conclude that IS in the organizational decision-making process is positively related to the identification of the decision-making problem and time needed to solve the problems. This investigation will allow other sectors the opportunity to discuss decision process models based on technology, information capability, and organizational competitiveness.