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- Um caso de estudo na pré-história da cidade de Lisboa: o celeiro da Travessa das Dores e os campos de cultivo do Rio SecoPublication . Cardoso, João Luis; Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, PauloThe Neo-Chalcolithic site of Travessa das Dores is the first to be recognised in the urban area of Lisbon with prehistoric storage and defence structures, closely interconnected, constituting without doubt the most important vestige of the settlement of that period studied to date. To increase the scientific importance of this site, a large adjacent area, called Rio Seco, was identified and excavated a few years later, in which, among others, several large dry stone walls were identified, some rectilinear, others arched, indicating the existence of boundary walls or supporting walls for agricultural plots, whose presence is justified by the basaltic soils present locally, of high agricultural suitability. Therefore, while Travessa das Dores was the storage site, Rio Seco was the site of the respective agricultural productions, thus constituting evidence, until now unknown in portuguese and even international archaeology, of the direct relationship between these two realities, relating to a single prehistoric community, based there in the transition from the fourth to the third millennium BC.
- O sítio neo-calcolítico da Travessa das Dores (Ajuda - Lisboa)Publication . Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, Paulo; Cardoso, João LuísO sítio pré-histórico da Travessa das Dores localiza-se na Ajuda, junto à Calçada da Boa Hora, sensivelmente a meia encosta entre o Palácio Nacional da Ajuda e o rio Tejo. Foi intervencionado na sequência de trabalhos de acompanhamento arqueológico, tendo-se registado diversos contextos enquadráveis entre o Neolítico Final e a Época Romana. Destaca-se, na primeira fase de escavação, a identificação de diversas estruturas negativas, do tipo fossas/silo, onde se recolheu um vasto conjunto artefactual inserido cronologicamente no Neolítico Final/Calcolítico. A continuação dos trabalhos, já a cargo da Neoépica Lda., permitiu não só o reconhecimento de contextos idênticos aos da fase anterior, mas também identificar uma estrutura de tipo fosso associada a elementos estruturais em positivo, estes últimos enquadráveis no Calcolítico. O sítio da Travessa das Dores reveste-se assim de grande importância para o conhecimento da sequência ocupacional da cidade de Lisboa, revelando vestígios que poderão indicar estarmos na presença de um povoado munido de estruturas defensivas de grande interesse patrimonial.
- Individual vessels, individual burials?: new evidence on early Neolithic funerary practices on the Iberian Peninsula’s Western façadePublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Carvalho, António Faustino; Rebelo, Paulo; Neto, Nuno; Simões, Carlos DuarteEarly Neolithic funerary practices and the meaning of complete ceramic vessels found isolated are poorly researched topics in western Iberia. However, recent archaeological salvage excavations at Armazéns Sommer and Palácio Ludovice in Lisbon have revealed individual burial pits of male individuals laid in a foetal position and directly associated with necked vessels. These discoveries suggest that finds of isolated vessels, known since the beginning of the twentieth century in Portugal and usually found fortuitously apparently without archaeological context, may also have originally belonged to similar burials, unnoticed by their finders. This hypothesis opens new perspectives for the interpretation of such finds, which are inventoried in the present article.
- Enterramento do neolítico antigo em fossa na zona ribeirinha de Lisboa (antigos armazéns Sommer)Publication . Cardoso, João Luís; Rebelo, Paulo; Neto, Nuno; Ribeiro, Ricardo ÁvilaA single individual burial in a pit was identified in the course of the preventive archaeological intervention carried out in the former Sommer Warehouses, located on the right bank of the Tagus, in the urban area of Lisbon. From the typology of the vessel that accompanied the deposition of a corpses in fetal position, as well as the absolute radiocarbon date obtained, this grave belongs to the Early Neolithic. It is the only occurrence of this nature hitherto recorded in the West of the Iberian Peninsula, and the similarities of implantation of the tombs of El Retamar on the lagoon coast of Cadiz with a similar geographic implantation is emphasized.
- A oficina campaniforme de instrumentos de sílex do Alto do Cidreira, CascaisPublication . Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, Paulo; Cardoso, João LuísThe excavations carried out in Alto do Cidreira, Cascais, in 2007 led to the identification of a domestic unit implanted at the top of a south‑facing slope, constituted by a fireplace protected from the NW winds by a possible windbreak. These two structures were located in the open air, certainly in the vicinity of a hut that was not identified during the excavation. The almost exclusive occurrence of incised beaker ceramics and from where the fine productions associated to maritime vases are completely absent has parallels in other domestic sites spread across the fertile region located along the north bank of the Tagus mouth and corresponds to the less differentiated segment of the population, whose elites, associated with fine productions, would occupy the fortified villages of the region, such as that of Leceia. This is the first evidence of a beaker workshop specialized in the preparation of artefacts identified in Portuguese territory, as indicated by the hundreds of chipping flakes from flint cores, an abundant raw material obtained in the Cretaceous formations of the surrounding region, often exhibiting heat treatment. This feature explains the existence of the identified combustion structure. To reinforce this conclusion, two sketches of artefacts were collected, which are added to the few flint instruments identified whose remarkable diversity is explained by the fact that they correspond to the set used by the specialized community that during a short period of time frequented this place.
- Primeira notícia sobre uma sepultura neolítica em fossa identificada nos antigos armazéns Sommer, em LisboaPublication . Rebelo, Paulo; Neto, Nuno; Ribeiro, Ricardo Ávila; Granja, Raquel; Cardoso, João LuísOs antigos Armazéns Sommer situam-se no centro histórico de Lisboa, na zona de Alfama, ao longo da frente ribeirinha (rua Cais de Santarém, n.ºs 40 a 64). No âmbito da implantação no local do projecto de uma unidade hoteleira, procedeu-se, a partir de 2014, a uma vasta intervenção arqueológica tendo em vista a caracterização patrimonial daquele quarteirão. A fossa em análise foi registada no âmbito dos trabalhos de acompanhamento arqueológico no designado sector 4, localizado no limite Noroeste do quarteirão.
- Pavimentos pré-históricos de Lisboa: o povoado da Travessa das Dores (Boa-Hora) e outras ocorrênciasPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, PauloPublicam-se os vestígios de pavimentos pré-históricos até ao presente reconhecidos através de escavações arqueológicas efetuadas na área do concelho de Lisboa. Os testemunhos mais importantes foram identificados no sítio da Travessa das Dores, onde se identificou um conjunto de fossas defendidas por fosso circundante, escavadas nas formações argilo-margosas cretácicas. A tipologia dos materiais coevos da abertura destas estruturas negativas remonta ao Neolítico Final. No decurso da colmatação do fosso, ocorrida no decurso do Calcolítico, foram identificados dois pavimentos, ambos integráveis no Calcolítico Pleno/Final. O mais antigo encontra-se representado por lajeado, constituído por blocos irregulares de calcário de médias dimensões, muito incompleto, assente na base do fosso, encontrando-se sobreposto por diversos depósitos resultantes da sua progressiva colmatação. Entre estes, ocorre um outro pavimento, de coloração clara, constituído por uma argamassa argilo-margosa muito compactada e dura. Este piso relaciona-se com a presença, nas imediações, de estruturas de combustão, configurado uma ocupação de carácter habitacional circunscrita. No povoado de encosta da Tapada da Ajuda do Bronze Final, das diversas estruturas habitacionais ali identificadas, destaca-se uma cabana de planta elipsoidal, cujo piso era constituído por terra batida basáltica, de mistura com abundantes fragmentos de conchas utilizadas na alimentação e alguns ossos de vertebrados, fraturados in situ devido ao pisoteamento. Enfim, no povoado de Vila Pouca, no limite da serra de Monsanto, do lado do vale da ribeira de Alcântara, foi identificado no decurso das escavações efetuadas em 1959 um empedrado de planta circular, funcionalmente atribuível a uma lareira-calorífero, reportada ao Neolítico Final. Embora tal estrutura não corresponda propriamente a um pavimento, o facto de corresponder a uma superfície estreitamente relacionada com um piso de ocupação, no qual se inseria, justifica a sua inclusão neste trabalho.
- O Complexo do Neolítico Final e do Calcolítico da Travessa das Dores/Rio Seco (Ajuda – Lisboa): resultados das escavações realizadas no sector do Rio Seco (2017/2018)Publication . Rocha, Miguel; Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, Paulo; Martins, Filipe; Cardoso, João LuísThe results of the archaeological intervention of 2017 and 2018 in the Rio Seco sector (Ajuda, Lisbon) are presented. This sector corresponds to the rural space adjacent to the site of Travessa das Dores, already published. The characteristics of the identified structures can be grouped into two main types: 1 - double facing walls, intended for the accumulation of previously dispersed loose stone and the division of land into agricultural plots; single-sided walls, or support walls, essentially intended to create terraces. Both are characterized by remarkable continuity and linearity — considering the dimensions of the agricultural fields at the time - this being probably the first from prehistoric times that was identified in Portuguese territory. The collection of a vast set of artefacts, associated with agricultural activities, namely the preparation of agricultural fields, is mostly attributed to contexts datable to the Late Neolithic and occasionally to the Chalcolithic, exactly the same situation that was identified at Travessa das Dores. In this way, the two archaeological spaces, represented by Travessa das Dores and Rio Seco, appear to be mutually complementary, corresponding to a single polynucleated and polyfunctional archaeological complex, with the first space being intended for the storage of agricultural products produced in the second, by same community.
- The final Neolithic and Chalcolithic settlement of Travessa das Dores (Ajuda – Lisboa)Publication . Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, Paulo; Cardoso, João LuísThis paper presents the results of the archaeological excavations carried out at Travessa das Dores, Lisbon, before the construction of a new building at the location. The excavations were limited to the area affected by the new building. A significant number of pits was dug during the Final Neolithic into a Cretaceous marly limestone platform. Soon after, an important defensive ditched enclosure was installed in the same location. This is the first ditched enclosure excavated in Lisbon and north of the Tagus River. The artefact assemblages recovered from this two construction phases indicate a domestic occupation, with especially abundant fragments with indented edges indicating a single cultural phase, the Final Neolithic. During the Chalcolithic period, the site housed other, less important domestic settlements; several hearths were identified among the ditch fil, associated with Early and Full/Final Chalcolithic ceramics. Based on the results presented in this paper, the Travessa das Dores settlement may be considered the most important prehistoric site identified and excavated in the city of Lisbon.
- O povoado do Neolítico final e do Calcolítico da Travessa das Dores (Ajuda - Lisboa)Publication . Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, Paulo; Cardoso, João LuísIn this article we present the results of the archaeological excavations at Travessa das Dores, Lisbon, that were performed before the construction of a new building for this location approved by the Lisbon city council. The excavations were limited to the area occupied by the new building. A significant number of pits were excavated during Late Neolithic in a cretaceous marly limestone platform. Soon after, an important defensive ditched enclosure was installed in the same place. Until now it is the first ditched enclosure excavated in Lisbon and North of Tagus River. The recollected artefacts typology from these two construction phases point out to a domestic occupation, with special emphasis to the abundant indented edges fragments, that points out to the same cultural phase. During the Chalcolithic this site knew had others less important domestic occupations; several fireplaces were identified in the ditch filling associated to Early and Full / Late Chalcolithic ceramics. Travessa das Dores settlement may be considered the most important prehistoric site identified and excavated in Lisbon city, according to the results we present now.