História, Arqueologia e Património | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals
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- Osseous industry and exploitation of animal resources in Southern Iberia during the Upper PalaeolithicPublication . Évora, Marina; Haws, Jonathan; Bicho, NunoDuring the Upper Palaeolithic, several climatic events were recorded in some archaeological sites in the Southern Iberian Peninsula. The aim is to focus on the relations between those phenomena and the mammal species hunted by hunter-gatherers groups, and whose bones were used, along with lithics, as raw material for manufacturing their bone toolkits. Hunter-gatherers seemed to have had a preference on hunting ungulates species that are gregarious such as red deer and goat, one of the characteristics of the faunal assemblages from the archaeological sites located near the coastal zones, including Vale Boi and Cendres in Southern Iberia. Regarding their toolkits, there was a preference in choosing mammal bone for the manufacture of their hunting and fishing equipment, as well as other utensils of daily life, during the Gravettian and Solutrean. Hunter-gatherers were preferably hunting juvenile and female red deer that do not have antlers. The opposite occurred during the Magdalenian, where red deer antler was used much more as a raw material. The Final Magdalenian and Epimagdalenian saw a decrease in the quantities of osseous artefacts and even a total absence of harpoons in Southern Iberian archaeological assemblages.
- Species identification of osseousmuseum artefacts through peptide mass fingerprinting illustrated by a study on objects from Neolithic to Iron Age ArmeniaPublication . Antonosyan, Mariya; Mkrtchyan, Satenik; Amano, Noel; Davtyan, Ruben; Yeranyan, Nzhdeh; Badalyan, Mikayel; Poghosyan, Svetlana; Telunts, Anahit; Stepanyan, Karine; Amiryan, Mariam; Zakyan, Tigran; Eloshvili, Mariami; Zarikian, Noushig; Adigyozalyan, Ani; Gyonjyan, Andranik; Simonyan, Hasmik; Sargsyan, Vahe; Saribekyan, Mariam; Hovhannisyan, Anahit; Simonyan, Hakob; Martirosyan-Olshansky, Kristine; Piliposyan, Ashot; Khachatryan, Zaruhi; Évora, Marina; Paladugu, Roshan; Bobokhyan, Arsen; Roberts, Patrick; Yepiskoposyan, LevonIdentifying animal species used in osseous industry production is crucial for reconstructing humananimal interactions in ancient societies. However, bone artefact manufacture often involves intensive modifications to raw materials that hamper taxonomic identifications. Here, for the first time in central Eurasia, we taxonomically assess bone objects stored in museum collections, recovered from Late Neolithic to Iron Age contexts in Armenia, using a minimally invasive peptide mass fingerprinting technique, also known as Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS). Our pilot study shows remarkable collagen preservation in the bone artefacts, demonstrating the rich potential of ZooMS for examining legacy collections. The successful ZooMS screening provided taxonomic identification for 86% of the artefacts, offering insights into species selection for bone manufacturing, as well as broader socioeconomic developments and interregional links. Our study underscores the utility of minimally invasive proteomic techniques, enabling the preservation of cultural and historical artefacts while addressing limitations of studying museum collections.
- IntroduzionePublication . Alessandrini, Nunziatella; Avelar, Ana Paula; Sabatini, Gaetano; Russo, Mariagrazia; Russo
- A imagem de Magalhães pelas vozes de António Pigafetta e Giovan Battista RamusioPublication . Avelar, Ana PaulaTendo como nódulo analítico a compilação de viagens, Delle Navigationiet Viaggid e Giovan Battista Ramusio, analisa- se como, no século XVI, se construiu uma imagem de Fernão de Magalhães e da sua viagem de 1519 às “Índias”. Aplicando instrumentos hermenêuticos usados pelos “Encounter studies“ e conceitos como tradução cultural desoculta-se, a partir da descrição da viagem magalhânica de Antonio Pigafetta, e da sua incorporação numa colectânea de textos, o perfil de um comandante. Nesta análise expõe-se como Pigafetta transmite as acções que testemunhou e com o seu olhar se transfigura quando as suas palavras são incorporadas numa compilação de viagens como a Giovan Battista Ramusio.
- El final de un camino: las primeras hoces neolíticas documentadas en yacimientos portuguesesPublication . Gibaja, Juan F.; Carvalho, António Faustino; Cardoso, João Luis; Martins, FilipePocas son las evidencias de agricultura vinculadas a las primeras ocupaciones neolíticas de Portugal. De hecho, la escasa conservación de restos carpológicos no ha facilitado conocer la realidad de las prácticas agrícolas en relación con las especies explotadas. En este contexto, han surgido dudas sobre el papel que esta actividad tenía entre las primeras comunidades agricultoras y pastoras. En este artículo hemos abordado el estudio de cinco asentamientos del Neolítico Antiguo con el objetivo de documentar la existencia o no de útiles tallados empleados como hoces. Los resultados confirman el uso de estos instrumentos durante este periodo y su similitud con los hallados en otros yacimientos peninsulares.
- Estudo dos mamíferos da ocupação fenícia (século IX a.C.) de La Rebanadilla (Málaga): um primeiro contributoPublication . Sánchez, Vicente Marcos; Martins, Filipe; Galindo, Lorenzo; Cardoso, João Luis; Bartolomé MoraNeste artigo estudam-se os restos faunísticos da primeira fase urbana da ocupação fenícia de La Rebanadilla (Málaga), correspondendo à Fase IV, dos finais do séc. IX a.C., provenientes de um conjunto de fossas escavadas no substrato natural. Observou-se claro predomínio de animais domésticos, representados, por ordem decrescente, pelos caprinos (ovelhas e cabras) e boi doméstico. Residualmente identificaram-se outros animais de grande, médio e pequeno porte: porco/javali, auroque, cavalo e coelho. Foram observadas acções antrópicas, tais como marcas de corte e vestígios de fogo bem como outras modificações presentes na superfície dos ossos. A comparação destes resultados faunísticos com os obtidos em outras estações arqueológicas da mesma época evidencia o domínio dos animais domésticos na economia destas populações, e consequentemente o escasso aproveitamento dos recursos cinegéticos, revelador de comunidades estáveis e complexas, com uma economia de produção especializada.
- "Hands-on archaeology”: an experimental program based on bone tool assemblages created during the osseous industry course, University of Algarve (Faro, Portugal)Publication . Aleixo, Patrícia; Teixeira, Cátia; Matias, Roxane; Évora, MarinaThe aim of this paper focuses on the analysis of osseous raw materials through experimental archaeology. The lack of studies on experimental archaeology at the MSc degree in Archaeology from the University of Algarve gave way to the creation of a brand-new course based on Osseous Industry. The main goal of this study was to provide a better understanding and interpretation of the traces left on bone tools during the emergence of Homo sapiens in Europe. The results of this work include femur bone needles from swine (Sus domesticus), an arrow and harpoon head antler from red deer (Cervus elaphus), and a comb antler from fallow deer (Dama dama). This approach gained knowledge by experience and a broader view about a hypothetical image of how human communities used to live. The implementation of the experimental activity is an important empirical function in the studies of archaeology, though often is overlooked. We hope that this work can provide an example of how fundamental an experimental approach to archaeology is for filling gaps in our knowledge about the past.
- Evidence of specialized resource exploitation by modern humans in Western Iberia associated to Pleistocene and Holocene extreme environmental conditionsPublication . Pereira, Telmo; Monteiro, Patrícia; Paixão, Eduardo; Nora, David; Évora, Marina; Simões, Carlos; Detry, Cleia; Assis, Sandra; Carvalho, Vânia; Holliday, TrentonThroughout prehistory, landscapes were repeatedly subjected to both global and localized climatic fluctuations that changed the regional environments where human groups lived. This instability demanded constant adaptation and, as a result, the functionality of some sites changed over time. In this light, the western coast of Iberia represents an exceptional case study due to the proximity between at least some oceanic cores and archaeological sites, which should facilitate an accurate reconstruction of the relationships between paleoenvironmental conditions and the coeval patterns of human behavior. This region, and in particular the valley of the River Lis, is marked by wide exposed plateaus cut by narrow and deep canyons. In this paper we present the stratigraphic, archaeometric, technological and archaeobotanical record of Poço Rock Shelter, located in one of these canyons, which hints at the human responses to such changes, and discuss the link between its Solutrean and Epipaleolithic occupations to specific activities. During the coldest part of the Last Glacial Maximum, we hypothesize that there was intensive exploitation of a chert outcrop above the roof to produce blades and Solutrean tips. Later, during Bond Event 6, after that outcrop had been exhausted, there was intensive consumption of shellfish gathered between the mouth of the canyon and the sea. We hypothesize that these strikingly different roles demonstrate how hunter-gatherers adapted to local conditions, and exploited specific resources, promising to provide a better understanding about its functional role during specific extreme climate events.
- The Early Neolithic settlement of Carrascal (Oeiras, Portugal)Publication . Cardoso, João LuísThe Early Neolithic site of Carrascal is located on a soft slope of the valley of Barcarena (municipality of Oeiras, district of Lisbon), about 3 km from the northern margin of the Tagus estuary, and in the vicinity of a paleo-estuary located downhill and supplying an abundant collector activity, namely of oysters (Ostrea edulis). The abundance of cores and flakes recovered and the occurrence of silex in the cretaceous recifal limestones that exist around the site, is compatible with the inference of an important workshop; likewise, the production of polished stone artefacts made essentially with rocks of local origin has been proven; and, in the register of ceramic productions, with decorations typical of the Early Neolithic – incised and printed – large vessels occur, for the storage of various products, such as cereals. In effect, a manual millstone was collected, still in its original position. The faunal remains are rich and diversified, with the following taxa present: Bos primigenius; Bos taurus; Sus sp. and Ovis aries, showing the abundance of domestic animals as well as wild game. Finally, domestic structures are represented essentially by two cuvettes, excavated in the geological substrate, filled with basalt blocks collected in the vicinity, corresponding to fireplaces. Together, the abundance and diversity of the remains found indicates a perennial establishment corresponding to an important occupation dating to the last quarter of the 6th millennium BC, according to the six radiocarbon dates performed on faunal remains.
- Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2,200 BCE in EurasiaPublication . Librado, Pablo; Tressières, Gaetan; Chauvey, Lorelei; Fages, Antoine; Khan, Naveed; Schiavinato, Stéphanie; Calvière-Tonasso, Laure; Kusliy, Mariya A.; Gaunitz, Charleen; Liu, Xuexue; Wagner, Stefanie; Burić, Marcel; Šikanjić, Petra Rajić; Weinstock, Jaco; Vilaró, David Asensio; Codina, Ferran; Dalmau, Cristina García; Llorens, Jordi Morer de; Pou, Josep; Prado, Gabriel de; Sanmartí, Joan; Sarkissian, Clio Der; Kallala, Nabil; Torres, Joan Ramon; Maraoui-Telmini, Bouthéina; Franco, Maria-Carme Belarte; Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia; Zazzo, Antoine; Lepetz, Sébastien; Duchesne, Sylvie; Alexeev, Anatoly; Bayarsaikhan, Jamsranjav; Seguin-Orlando, Andaine; Houle, Jean-Luc; Bayarkhuu, Noost; Turbat, Tsagaan; Crubézy, Éric; Shingiray, Irina; Mashkour, Marjan; Berezina, Natalia Ya.; Korobov, Dmitriy S.; Belinskiy, Andrey; Kalmykov, Alexey; Perdereau, Aude; Demoule, Jean-Paul; Reinhold, Sabine; Hansen, Svend; Wallner, Barbara; Roslyakova, Natalia; Kuznetsov, Pavel F.; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Wincker, Patrick; Kanne, Katherine; Outram, Alan; Aury, Jean-Marc; Orlando, Ludovic; Southon, John; Shapiro, Beth; Bouchez, Olivier; Donnadieu, Cécile; Collin, Yvette Running Horse; Gregersen, Kristian M.; Jessen, Mads Dengsø; Christensen, Kirsten; Claudi-Hansen, Lone; Pruvost, Mélanie; Pucher, Erich; Vulic, Hrvoje; Novak, Mario; Rimpf, Andrea; Turk, Peter; Reiter, Simone; Brem, Gottfried; Schwall, Christoph; Barrey, Éric; Robert, Céline; Degueurce, Christophe; Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Klassen, Lutz; Rasmussen, Uffe; Kveiborg, Jacob; Johannsen, Niels Nørkjær; Makowiecki, Daniel; Makarowicz, Przemysław; Szeliga, Marcin; Ilchyshyn, Vasyl; Rud, Vitalii; Romaniszyn, Jan; Mullin, Victoria E.; Verdugo, Marta; Bradley, Daniel G.; Cardoso, João Luís; Valente, Maria J.; Antunes, Miguel Telles; Ameen, Carly; Thomas, Richard; Ludwig, Arne; Marzullo, Matilde; Prato, Ornella; Gianni, Giovanna Bagnasco; Tecchiati, Umberto; Granado, José; Schlumbaum, Angela; Deschler-Erb, Sabine; Mráz, Monika Schernig; Boulbes, Nicolas; Gardeisen, Armelle; Mayer, Christian; Döhle, Hans-Jürgen; Vicze, Magdolna; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Kyselý, René; Peške, Lubomír; O’Connor, Terry; Ananyevskaya, Elina; Shevnina, Irina; Logvin, Andrey; Kovalev, Alexey A.; Iderkhangai, Tumur-Ochir; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Dashkovskiy, Petr K.; Graphodatsky, Alexander S.; Merts, Ilia; Merts, Viktor; Kasparov, Aleksei K.; Pitulko, Vladimir V.; Onar, Vedat; Öztan, Aliye; Arbuckle, Benjamin S.; McColl, Hugh; Renaud, Gabriel; Khaskhanov, Ruslan; Demidenko, Sergey; Kadieva, Anna; Atabiev, Biyaslan; Sundqvist, Marie; Lindgren, Gabriella; López-Cachero, F. Javier; Albizuri, Silvia; Vukičević, Tajana Trbojević; Papeša, Anita RapanHorses revolutionized human history with fast mobility. However, the timeline between their domestication and widespread integration as a means of transportation remains contentious. Here we assemble a large collection of 475 ancient horse genomes to assess the period when these animals were first reshaped by human agency in Eurasia. We find that reproductive control of the modern domestic lineage emerged ~2,200 BCE (Before Common Era), through close kin mating and shortened generation times. Reproductive control emerged following a severe domestication bottleneck starting no earlier than ~2,700 BCE, and coincided with a sudden expansion across Eurasia that ultimately resulted in the replacement of nearly every local horse lineage. This expansion marked the rise of widespread horse-based mobility in human history, which refutes the commonly-held narrative of large horse herds accompanying the massive migration of steppe peoples across Europe ~3,000 BCE and earlier. Finally, we detect significantly shortened generation times at Botai ~3,500 BCE, a settlement from Central Asia associated with corrals and a subsistence economy centered on horses. This supports local horse husbandry before the rise of modern domestic bloodlines.