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- Estratégias discursivas de mitigação na sequência discursiva de pergunta-resposta: a justificação no contexto de entrevistaPublication . Almeida, Carla Aurélia deTaking as reference an oral corpus of narratives of life experience collected in interviews, we will analyse the question-answer sequence and the justification sequence. As a pre-sequence that prepares the act of question, anticipating possible objections from the interviewee, justification constitutes an argumentative strategy, developed by the interviewer, at the service of interactional achievement. We will also study the interviewees' answers followed by justification, specifically those at the service of the mitigation of epistemic values, representing a strategy of mitigation and softening what is being said in the propositional content of the answer, reducing the epistemic obligations of the interviewee.
- Discourse strategies of mitigation in an oral corpus of narratives of life experience collected in interviewsPublication . Almeida, Carla Aurélia deTaking as reference an oral corpus in European Portuguese constituted by twenty-three narratives of life experience gathered under the frame of a sociological research project developed in the North of Portugal, this chapter analyses the strategic use of linguistic mitigation devices in the interviewer’s actions and in the interviewees’ answers followed by justifications. Narratives occurring in research interviews are part of a testimonial discourse. In the development of the topics that concern interviewees’ lifestyles and housing conditions, we can identify the occurrence of sequences of justification with the use of a “membership categorization device” that speakers use to construct identities in talk and to invoke common places to deal with dilemmas brought by the questions that occur during the interview. This chapter seeks to demonstrate that the narratives of life experiences are the result of collaborative work in jointly constructing the sense given by the interviewer and the interviewee. As such, the analysis of discourse segments that show the “conversational involvement” (Goffman 1981; Gumperz 1982) of participants in the research interviews has contributed to the debate on the specific discourse practices taking place within these interactional research contexts in the Social Sciences.
- O lugar do discurso no contexto online: estratégias discursivas de aprendizagem em ambiente colaborativoPublication . Almeida, Carla Aurélia deTendo por base o “quadro de interação” (Goffman, 1987) presente em salas de aula virtuais num curso de mestrado da Universidade Aberta, analisaremos de que modo, no discurso em contexto educacional, são desenvolvidas estratégias discursivas de consolidação da relação interlocutiva. Demonstraremos que, nestes ambientes de aprendizagem, os interlocutores, com o desenho de e-atividades, põem no centro da aprendizagem o debate fundamentado no conhecimento explícito e construído através do discurso. Analisaremos, pois, a gestão da vez de elocução dos participantes e a realização de estratégias discursivas específicas que visam efeitos não só relacionais, mas também efeitos argumentativos. Estas estratégias discursivas visam a acomodação intersubjetiva e a gestão da emoção em contexto de aprendizagem online.
- «Portanto, isto quem não se sente não é filho de boa gente, não é?»: o uso estratégico de provérbios, de aforismos e de sequências tautológicas como forma de gestão da polemicidade do discurso interactivoPublication . Almeida, Carla Aurélia deTaking as reference an oral corpus consisting of verbal interactions presented in Portuguese radio phone-in programmes, we analyse the discursive functioning of the citation of proverbial enunciates, aphorisms and tautological sequences as a form of discourse management. At the local level, we analyse the discursive strategies that the citation of these enunciates configures and that concern the construction of the functional coherence of the interactive oral discourse; at a global level, we verify how the citation of these enunciates contributes to the prototypical realization of the sequences of opening, development and closing of the interaction. The study of the interpretative processes that occur in interactive “frames” highlights the argumentative-rhetoric dimension of language in action through the analysis of the verbal uses and of their variations in context.
- “(…) é um rapaz cheio de sorte, digo-lhe já (risos)”: o humor como estratégia discursiva de mitigação do conflito (potencial) em interacções verbais na rádio”Publication . Almeida, Carla Aurélia deTaking as reference an oral corpus consisting of verbal interactions presented in Portuguese radio phone-in programmes, we proceed to the identification of the sequential dimensions of illocutionary acts and we study the selection, made by the participants, of the discourse strategies of humour which have laughs as a conversational resource for mitigation of potential conflict in interaction. We will analyze participant’s production of figures of enunciative distance like irony and humour in specific interaction sequences and we will verify the way these conversational devices contribute to the maintenance of the interactional order.
- Conversação e emoção em emissões nocturnas de rádio : a ironia verbal como tropo ilocutório e como estratégia discursiva de gestão interaccional do conflitoPublication . Almeida, Carla Aurélia deTaking as reference an oral corpus consisting of verbal interactions presented in Portuguese radio phone-in programmes and a specific set of broadcasts dedicated to the discussion of polemic institutional processes, we proceed to the identification of varieties of verbal irony. Considering emotion in the frame of interactional work developed by interactants in conversation (Edwards, 2001: 236), we analyse aggressive irony, such as sarcasm and the rhetorical figures that build conversational involvement and give a humoristic tone to discourse: hyperbole, repetitions, Extreme Case Formulations (=ECFs). After this, we take irony as an illocutionary trope and the discursive strategies of face work. Finally, we consider citation irony that, in these contexts, creates an axis of enunciative heterogeneity, having specific argumentative effects.