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- Co-creation of new solutions through gamification: A collaborative innovation practicePublication . Patrício, Rui; Moreira, Antonio; Zurlo, Francesco; Melazzini, MicheleThis paper aims to explore the main implications of gamification approaches to collaborative innovation and particularly to co-creation, i.e. the interaction and interchange of ideas between users, customers, suppliers and other actors in the development of new solutions. Despite the few approaches attempting to make co-creation more ludic and accessible, researchers have yet to analyse the link between gamification and co-creation in an extensive manner. In order to better understand this unexplored relationship, empirical case research studies have been conducted with multi-actors participating in a real-life co-creation project through the deployment of a gamified method and tool (ideaChef®), as well as a combination of different instruments, involving speed meetings, workshops, debriefings and interviews. Besides advancing the body of knowledge on collaborative innovation practices and conceptualizing the relationship between gamification and co-creation, this paper provides important implications for managers on how multiple actors can be engaged and coordinated in such practices through gamification. The paper's main contribution lies in the suggestion that engagement goes hand in hand with coordination, and that a combination of both will be the best strategy for co-creating new solutions through gamification.
- How supply chain strategies moderate the relationship between innovation capabilities and business performancePublication . Zimmermann, Ricardo; Ferreira, Luís Miguel D. F.; Moreira, AntonioThe purpose of this paper is to study how the fit between innovation capabilities and supply chain (SC) strategies affects business performance. An empirical study based on a sample of 329 companies from Portugal and Brazil was performed to test a theoretical model based on the resource-based view. Linear and hierarchical regression analyses are conducted to test the hypotheses. The different combinations of core and supplementary innovation capabilities and lean and agile SC strategies are empirically tested and discussed. Data reveal that core and supplementary innovation capabilities positively impact on business performance and that SC strategies moderate the relationship between innovation capabilities and business performance. The analysis also shows that the combination of an agile SC strategy and supplementary innovation capabilities offers the greatest opportunities to improve business performance. The results of this study could help managers to choose the most appropriate SC strategy, thus contributing to increasing the impact of innovation capabilities on business performance. This study contributes to the knowledge concerning the consequences of adopting different innovation capabilities and SC strategies on business performance.
- The impact of supply chain fit on business and innovation performance in Brazilian companiesPublication . Zimmermann, Ricardo; Ferreira, Luis Miguel D. F.; Moreira, Antonio; Barros, Ana Cristina; Correa, Henrique LuizPurpose – This paper investigates the effect of the fit between supply and demand uncertainty (SDU) and supply chain responsiveness (SCR) (SC fit) on business and innovation performance in Brazilian companies. Design/methodology/approach – The study presented an analysis carried out on an empirical study based on a sample of 150 manufacturing companies. Business and innovation performance of companies with different types of SC fit ( high–high and low–low fits) and misfit (positive and negative) are compared and discussed. Findings – The results indicated that SC fit had a positive effect on both business and innovation performance. Further analyses suggested that companies with SC fit present similar business performance, independent of the level of SDU that characterizes the environment where they compete, while companies in environments with higher levels of uncertainty tend to present superior innovation performance. Companies with positive and negative misfit present similar performance. Originality/value – An analysis of the literature showed that there is no consensus when it comes to the definitions and measurements of SC fit. The paper investigates the effects of SC fit on business and innovation performance, while previous empirical studies have mainly addressed its impact on financial performance. Moreover, this study compares the effects of two types of fit and two types of misfit and assesses SC fit in Brazilian manufacturing companies, analyzing the context of an under-researched reality.
- Portugal's changing defense industry: is the triple helix model of knowledge society replacing state leadership model?Publication . Simões, Pedro Costa; Moreira, Antonio; Dias, Carlos MendesThe defense industry has unique features involving national sovereignty. Despite the characteristics that led to the separation of the military and civil spheres, since the 1990s, the number of dual-use projects has been growing. Taking into account that Portugal is a small European country, this paper analyzes the relationships within the defense industry in order to determine how university–industry–government relationships (the Triple Helix) function in this specific industry. The analysis of 145 projects of the Portuguese Ministry of Defense led to the following conclusions: first, academia was represented in more than 90% of the projects, and 40% of those projects have a dual-use application; second, there is a predominance of knowledge production, dissemination and application, for which the university’s institutional sphere is essential and third, the Triple Helix system evolves into a network of relationships that involve projects with both civil and military applications.
- A systematic review of the literature on industrial divestmentPublication . Silva, Pedro; Moreira, AntonioPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the existing research on industrial divestment in order to identify the reasons for it, the process whereby it is achieved, and the outcomes of industrial sell-offs and closures. The study reports the main findings that have gained acceptance in the literature, gaps in the research and potential directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach – A three stage systematic literature review protocol was used to conduct this review. The results are organized according to an “Antecedents – Process – Outcomes” framework. Findings – The traditional accounts of industrial divestment have been framed in terms of firms’ weak performance and over-diversification as antecedents to divestment, leading to corporate governance issues. However, the list of antecedents of industrial divestment is more extensive. There is no consensus over the impact of some factors on divestments, as is the case of firm and unit size. The results are not conclusive as to whether firm performance improves after divesting. Research limitations/implications – Future research should analyze the relationship between the antecedents of investment and divestment. The divestment process is not well studied and more studies that engage in theory building are needed, namely, on primary data and examining the short-term and long-term impacts of divestment on performance. Practical implications – This review offers a comprehensive synthesis of the antecedents, the process and outcomes of divestment through sell-offs and closures. Factors such as environmental conditions and the entry mode strategy are important in determining the divestment of subsidiaries. Divestments may be positively or negatively regarded by shareholders, depending on the context of the firm. Promoting managerial changes facilitates divestment. Originality/value – This paper synthesizes knowledge of the main reasons as to why firms completely dispose of their assets, contributing to this under-researched field.
- The effect of supply chain strategy on the relationship between innovation capabilities and business performance: a theoretical modelPublication . Zimmermann, Ricardo; Moreira, Antonio; Ferreira, Luís Miguel D. F.Although the relationship between supply chain (SC) and innovation has attracted attention from researchers in recent years, the relationship between innovation capabilities and SC strategies is a subject that has not yet been explored extensively. The main objective of this paper is to examine how SC strategies affect the relationship between innovation capabilities and business performance. The paper, characterised as a conceptual paper with the aim of contributing to theory building, is based on the concept of fit and on the principles of the contingency theory and the resource-based view. Further, a literature review and a theoretical discussion, a theoretical model and a set of research propositions are presented. The theoretical rationale shows the potential for improvement in performance through the relationship between innovation and SC and can be used to boost empirical research on the topic.
- Differences between stayers, switchers, and heavy switchersPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Silva, Pedro; Moutinho, VictorPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare different groups of customers’ perceptions (i.e. stayers, switchers, and heavy switchers) of several loyalty antecedents such as satisfaction, trust, service quality, switching costs, marketing communication, and loyalty itself. Design/methodology/approach – This study was carried out based on data collected through a questionnaire from 353 telecommunication services users in Portugal and using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and analysis of variance. Findings – The three types of customers – stayers, switchers, and heavy switchers – clearly differ among themselves. Stayers differ from switchers regarding their communication efforts perceptions, and from heavy switchers in their loyalty, satisfaction, and trust levels. Switchers differ from heavy switchers in their loyalty levels. Research limitations/implications – Future research should examine differences between customers taking into account the impact of their personality, price sensitiveness, and orientation toward the adoption of new technologies. Practical implications – As there are several differences among stayers, switchers, and heavy switchers, companies should not only recognize the heterogeneity of their customer base, but also target their marketing efforts accordingly. Originality/value – This study is one of the few identifying groups of customers perception’s toward service providers. It also complements previous research by splitting them intro three different groups and by analyzing their behaviors across a set of previously unexamined marketing variables.
- Examining the effect of quantities offered by hydraulic, renewable, non-renewable sources and thermal technologies on electricity prices in the MIBEL market through an ADRL approachPublication . Moutinho, Victor; Moreira, Antonio; Mota, JorgeThe objective of this article is to analyze and empirically validate the differential effects in the daily schedules of the induced electricity prices by selling bids for three different technologies, namely hydraulic, thermal and renewable energy sources (RES), in hourly values, by daily observations for the year 2018. To achieve this objective, we employ an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model-bound testing approach The results of the ADRL-ECM method, which also reports the long-run analysis, show that (a) the renewable and thermal technologies positively and significantly affect the electricity price for Endesa and Hidroelétrica del Cantábrico generators and (b) the hydraulic technology impacts negatively the electricity price, both at a 1% level of significance. In addition, following a long-term perspective it must be highlighted that RES negatively impact the price of electricity with a 1% level of significance for the Iberdrola, E.ON Energy, Unión Fenosa and EDP Energy of Portugal generators. However based on a short-term perspective, the results report a positive effect between the quantities traded by hydraulic and thermal technologies on the electricity price for Endesa, Iberdrola, Hidroelétrica del Cantábrico and EDP Energy of Portugal, at a 1% level of significance.
- Enhancing design thinking approaches to innovation through gamificationPublication . Patrício, Rui; Moreira, Antonio; Zurlo, FrancescoPurpose – The paper aims to explore the relationship between gamification and design thinking approach to innovation in the context of the early stage of innovation process (ESoIP). Design thinking is conceptually appropriate to support innovative, complex and uncertain business environments. Still, its practices have demonstrated some difficulties in managing the ESoIP, such as lack of structure and clarity around goals. This paper argues that gamification can enhance and complement design thinking in the management of firms’ ESoIP. Design/methodology/approach – Given the need to achieve a deeper understanding of the linkages between gamification and design thinking, the paper follows an exploratory theory building approach for this complex reality of innovation. The case study research method was conducted in three firms (Trivalor, Novartis and Microsoft) that applied a gamification approach to the ESoIP. Findings – The results demonstrate that gamification has the power to enhance and complement design thinking practices by getting tasks more organized and improving coordination and employees’ engagement in the innovation process. Practical implications – The paper provides critical managerial contributions on how firms can use gamification to improve design thinking approaches to ESoIP. Its consequences are also crucial to innovation, R&D, and product/service development managers interested in using gamification to support the ideation and concept development of new solutions complementing traditional design thinking approaches. Originality/value – Merging the gamification and design thinking approaches is novel, particularly on firms’ ESoIP. The paper provides a comprehensive discussion of design thinking shortcomings and the role that gamification can play in overcoming them.
- Entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial initiative: building a multi-country taxonomyPublication . Pita, Mariana; Costa, Joana; Moreira, AntonioThe main goal of this article is to appraise the existence of different patterns of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, to identify its relationship with Entrepreneurial Initiative, and recommend entrepreneurship policies that may influence the growth of entrepreneurial action. Without evidence on entrepreneurial ecosystems landscape and what determinants stimulate entrepreneurship in a given environment, policies could become flawed and miss the target. To address research purposes, the analysis was performed using data extracted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Database carried out between 2010 and 2016. To ensure a longitudinal perspective, it was used a balanced panel approach followed by Logistic Regression estimations. The article offers a novel and systematic approach, the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Taxonomy, to overcome a disaggregated perspective on entrepreneurial ecosystems, between individual and context levels. Empirical findings capture four different country profiles, based on two measures: Entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial initiative. The results allow to compare the four groups and appraise significant disparities around entrepreneurship determinants, namely, the education factor. While education is commonly recognized as a positive influence on entrepreneurship, the results suggest a contradictory effect. The existence of differentiated profiles and its determinants points outs the importance of developing specific entrepreneurship policy packages attending group specificities.