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- A fiabilidade do relato das campanhas eleitorais para a Assembleia da República (2005 a 2011)Publication . Carvalho, Ellene; Santos, Paula; Pinto, Vera; Pinho, CarlosA Lei n.º 19/2003 estabelece o regime aplicável às contas das campanhas eleitorais, cabendo a sua fiscalização ao Tribunal Constitucional. Com o presente trabalho, pretende-se estudar se aquele regime garante a fiabilidade da informação relatada, tendo-se analisado as contas das campanhas eleitorais à Assembleia da República dos anos de 2005, 2009 e 2011. A principal conclusão a retirar é a falta de fiabilidade daquelas contas, verificando-se a existência de infrações recorrentes e comuns aos vários partidos, sendo de salientar os reduzidos valores das coimas aplicadas face aos valores das infrações. Note-se que as contas são consideradas prestadas sem que sejam retificadas e que as receitas/despesas com infrações se mantêm nas contas (contribuindo, inclusive, para o valor da subvenção pública recebida). Pode, assim, concluir-se que o benefício que os partidos podem retirar das infrações será maior que o custo suportado com as coimas, o que poderá limitar o alcance daquela Lei.
- Disclosure of fair value measurement techniques of financial instruments: study applied to the portuguese banking sector according to IFRS 7Publication . Kasyan, Ana; Santos, Paula Gomes dos; Pinho, Carlos; Pinto, VeraThe last financial crisis raised a lot of criticism toward fair value measurement and, consequently, the IASB defined in IFRS 7 “Financial Instruments: Disclosures" and IFRS 13 "Fair Value Measurement", the set of disclosures that a company must make regarding the fair value measurement techniques used. The fair value hierarchy concept, introduced in IFRS 7 in 2009, classifies the data used in the measurement according to three levels, of which two levels introduce some subjectivity in the measurement. Hence, this research aims to study the disclosure of fair value measurement techniques of the financial instruments of companies operating in the banking sector in Portugal from 2013 to 2015. Its purpose is to understand whether those financial instruments duly applied the accounting standards that define the required disclosures and analyse the fair value measurement techniques used for financial instruments. The results of the study allow us to conclude that companies operating in the banking sector in Portugal have generally disclosed information on fair value measurement techniques of the financial instruments required by IFRS 7, with the exception of disclosures related to the description of valuation techniques applied for the determination of the fair value of financial assets and liabilities and the reconciliation of changes in the fair value of financial instruments classified at level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. It was also concluded that most financial instruments measured at fair value are classified at level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, which limits the degree of certainty about their values.
- Disclosure of fair value measurement techniques of financial instruments: study applied to the portuguese banking Sector according to IFRS 13Publication . Kasyan, Ana; Santos, Paula Gomes dos; Pinho, Carlos; Pinto, VeraIASB has defined in IFRS 7 ―Financial Instruments: Disclosures" and in IFRS 13 "Fair Value Measurement", the set of disclosures that a company must make regarding the fair value measurement techniques used. The fair value hierarchy concept, introduced in IFRS 7 in 2009, classifies the data used in the measurement according to three levels, of which two levels introduce some subjectivity in the measurement. IFRS 7 has been amended several times with the clear intention to improve the disclosure requirements about financial instruments. IFRS 13 defines fair value, sets out a single framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. Hence, this research aims to study the disclosure of fair value measurement techniques of the financial instruments, required by IFRS 13, of companies operating in the banking sector in Portugal from 2013 to 2015. Its purpose is to understand whether those financial instruments duly applied the accounting standards that define the required disclosures and analyse the fair value measurement techniques used for financial instruments. The results of the study allow us to conclude that companies operating in the banking sector in Portugal have not generally disclosed information on fair value measurement techniques of the financial instruments required by IFRS 13. It was also concluded that most financial instruments measured at fair value are classified at level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, which limits the degree of certainty about their values.
- Reliability of the report of electoral campaigns to the portuguese Assembly of the Republic (2005 to 2011)Publication . Carvalho, Ellene; Santos, Paula Gomes dos; Pinho, Carlos; Pinto, VeraAct no. 19/2003 sets out the legal framework applicable to the portuguese electoral campaigns’ accounts, which are audited by the Constitutional Court. The present investigation aims to study if this framework ensures the faithful representation of the reported information. We analysed the electoral campaigns’ accounts to the Assembly of the Republic of years 2005, 2009 and 2011. The main conclusion is the lack of reliability of these accounts, with the existence of recurrent infractions common to various parties, being worth to mention the low fines applied in relation to the infraction amounts. It should be noted that the accounts are submitted without being rectified and that the revenues/expenses with infractions are kept in the accounts (also contributing to the amount of the government grant received). Thus, one can conclude that the benefits that political parties may obtain from such infractions will be greater than the cost of any fines, which may limit the scope of the legal framework in question