UAb | CiênciaVitae | Gestão e Economia
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- Implicações da pandemia de COVID-19 no relacionamento sede-filial: uma abordagem qualitativaPublication . Moreira, Antonio; Pinto, Bruna Ferreira; Ribau, Cláudiaespecial ênfase ao relacionamento entre a sede e as suas filiais, o que é pouco estudado no âmbito das PMEs. Tendo por base uma abordagem qualitativa baseada em estudos de caso, que analisam a perspetiva evolutiva desta PME e do relacionamento da sede com as suas cinco filiais, e utilizando a teoria da dependência de recursos, conclui-se que há uma heterogeneidade de percursos e relacionamentos entre a sede e cada filial, que sofreram alterações durante a pandemia de COVID-19.
- Competitive dynamics of strategic groups in the Portuguese banking industryPublication . Rosário, Albérico Travassos; Moreira, Antonio; Macedo, Pedro2014–2016), by taking into account the financial and economic assistance programme (FEAP) – monitored by the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund – that Portugal went through and that started in 2011. With competitive dynamics it is possible to understand the evolution of competitive strategies of the institutions of a strategic group within a given time horizon. Data were collected after consultation of reports and accounts of Banks from Banco de Portugal database. The results were analysed and discussed in light of the theory of strategic groups and their competitive dynamics allows us to conclude that: Banks implemented different competitive strategies; Strategic groups have dissimilar resources; and Strategic groups display different strategies. The 2008–2010 period can be considered as a ‘deregulated’ period, the 2011–2013 as a period of ‘imposed regulation’, and the 2014–2016 as a period of ‘strategic consolidation’ with strategic changes that have prompted strategic groupings of the various institutions as consequence of a low mobility barrier strategy.
- Subsidiary survival: a case study from the Portuguese electronics industryPublication . Silva, Pedro; Moreira, AntonioPurpose – The existing literature suggests that multinational corporations (MNCs) divest subsidiary units whenever they cease to enjoy the advantages of ownership, location or internalization. However, not all MNCs divest under these conditions. This paper aims to explore the factors that contributed to the survival of a particular subsidiary and prevented it from being divested. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis focuses on an individual subsidiary of a large foreign MNC in the electronics industry, which divested other subsidiaries from Portugal. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Findings – The subsidiary’s diverse customer base, specificity and high level of efficiency, the local advantages, the existing governmental agreements and the parent MNC’s previous unsuccessful relocation experiences seem to have contributed to the survival of the subsidiary. Research limitations/implications – Although the results of the case study are not generalizable to the entire population of firms, the featured case study is a rare survival success story in the Portuguese electronics industry. Practical implications – The proposed framework may offer public authorities measures to create conditions to encourage firms to retain their investment in a particular site. For corporate strategists, new perspectives on subsidiary survival are provided. Originality/value – This paper is one of the few qualitative studies in the field of subsidiary survival. The results offer an integrative framework on which factors contribute to the survival of a subsidiary located on a comparatively unfavorable labor cost location and support the role of the organizational learning and of previous failed relocation experiences and relocation barriers when a parentMNC decides whether to retain a unit.
- Environmental impact of FDI: the case of US subsidiariesPublication . Bento, J. P. Cerdeira; Moreira, Antonioadvantages (FSAs) of US multinational enterprises (MNEs) majority-owned subsidiaries affect environmental pollution in host countries. The research results contribute to helping managers and policymakers understand the environmental impact of MNEs activities, and encourage these firms to develop environmentally responsible management (ERM) as an element of their corporate social responsibility practice. Design/methodology/approach – Panel data consisting of developing and developed countries spanning the years 2004 through 2014 are used. The dynamic panel generalised method of moments technique is implemented. This method avoids common estimation bias, such as endogeneity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. Findings – This paper finds that the direct environmental impacts of FDI vary significantly between the two groups of countries. The environmental benefits of FDI to the recipient country are achieved through capital and technology transfer. The study also reveals that R&D intensity moderates the relationship between FDI and environmental pollution in both developing and developed countries in such a way that environmental pollution decreases. Research limitations/implications – Future research could explore the environmental impact of MNEs on host countries by considering both equity and non-equity entry modes. The findings offer some support to host government policies offering generous incentive packages to attract R&D investment to improve environmental pollution. This research raises questions as to the reasons corporations operating in developing and developed countries should pursue their ERMpractices. Originality/value – This research examines both the direct effect of FDI and the moderating effects of FSAs on the relationship between FDI and the environment. Although previous studies have already looked at the relationship between FDI and the environment, the moderating effect of FSAs is very under-developed in this relationship.
- The role of exploitative and exploratory innovation in export performance: an analysis of plastics industry SMEsPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, MarioInnovation capabilities are important for firms to compete in the market. However, the literature has rarely examined how exploitative and exploratory innovation influences the export performance of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs). As exploitative and exploratory innovation plays different roles in sustaining SMEs’ competitive advantages, this article presents an analysis of how four specific firms’ innovation capabilities (i.e. marketing, strategy, research and development and manufacturing capabilities) impact these SMEs’ export performance. Moreover, this study analysed how exploitative and exploratory innovation capabilities mediate the relationship of the four firms’ internal innovation capabilities and export performance. The results indicate that exploitative innovation positively influences SMEs’ export performance, but exploratory innovation does not. Another interesting finding is that strategy and manufacturing capabilities are important antecedents of both exploratory and exploitative innovation. Furthermore, the results reveal that only manufacturing capabilities have a direct impact on export performance, whereas strategy and manufacturing capabilities are the antecedents that most influence exploitative innovation and export performance.
- Divestment cycles in the Portuguese electrical and electronics industry: an historical, multilevel analysis (1975–2015)Publication . Silva, Pedro; Moreira, AntonioThis article deals with the topic of divestment. In the early 1990s, the Portuguese electrical and electronics industry (EEI) attracted high levels of foreign direct investment. This increase in capital flows played an important role in Portugal’s economic development. However, after a period of growth and expansion, divestments became more common and the Portuguese government had to work hard to retain the existing investments. This study adopts a qualitative and historical approach to examine howeconomic and social changes impacted divestments in the EEI between 1975 and 2015, contributing to develop extant theories on divestment. The article helps to understandwhat happened to the Portuguese manufacturing industry and to the EEI in particular, providing valuable lessons on international divestments and production relocations.
- An empirical analysis of the relationship between supply chain strategies, product characteristics, environmental uncertainty and performancePublication . Zimmermann, Ricardo; Ferreira, Luís Miguel D. F.; Moreira, AntonioPurpose – This paper aims to investigate supply chain (SC) strategies, analyzing the adoption of lean, agile, leagile and traditional SC strategies with respect to product characteristics, environmental uncertainty, business performance and innovation performance. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents an empirical analysis carried out on a sample of 329 companies. Cluster analysis was applied, based on lean and agile SC characteristics, to identify patterns among different SC strategies. One-way analysis of variance of different constructs by types of SC clusters was conducted to test the research hypotheses. Findings – Cluster analysis indicates that the companies studied adopt four types of SC strategies – lean, agile, leagile and traditional. The differences between the clusters are identified and discussed, highlighting that companies adopting a leagile SC strategy present the highest performance, while those that adopt a traditional SC present the lowest; companies adopting an agile SC compete in the most complex and dynamic environments, while companies with a lean SC present a clear predominance of functional rather than innovative products. Research limitations/implications – This paper provides empirical evidence of the antecedents and consequences of the adoption of different SC strategies. As a limitation, the results are based on a survey research with a limited sample size. Originality/value – Based on the analysis of the relationship between constructs that have not been addressed previously, the paper adds to the knowledge regarding the role of SC strategies, as well as the antecedents and consequences of their adoption. The results may support managers in the difficult task of choosing the “right” SC strategy.
- Export performance and the internationalisation of SMEsPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, MarioThis paper proposes a conceptual model that analyses the factors influencing the export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and integrates international entrepreneurship theory and international strategies. Rooted in an extensive bibliography that provides the basis for key constructs, the proposed model brings together the fundamentals of SMEs’ internationalisation processes that influence these enterprises’ export performance. The model highlights three important factors: industry-, environment- and firm-related aspects affecting firms’ entrepreneurial orientation. The model contributes to a better understanding of the key factors affecting the export performance of SMEs, providing a simple structure that can be strategically used by entrepreneurs when launching their firms into international markets. The model complements previous approaches but offers a more integrative approach based on research that ventures further into a little explored area of the literature on internationalisation theories.
- Internacionalização de PME no Continente Americano: revisão da literaturaPublication . Ribau, Cláudia; Moreira, Antonio; Raposo, Mario
- Determinants of microcredit repayment in Portugal: analysis of borrowers, loans and business projectsPublication . Mota, Jorge; Moreira, Antonio; Brandão, CristóvãoMicrocredit programs in Portugal represent a unique case for studying the microcredit repayment determinants in a developed country, as it experienced a financial hardship in 2008–2009, with economic and social consequences that led to unemployment crisis. This research examined the determinants of microcredit loan repayment based on a sample of 752 microcredit loans granted in Portugal by the National Association for the Right to Credit, adopting individual lending mechanisms and granting loans through partnerships with several credit institutions. This is the first study to ascertain the influence that a set of factors – grouped into three categories: borrowers’ individual characteristics; loan characteristics; and characteristics of business projects implemented by borrowers – has on the repayment ability of microcredit programs, in a developed country of the Eurozone. Moreover, this is the first study using an ordered logistic regression (OLR) in estimating the determinants of microcredit loan repayment. Similar to previous studies, married borrowers tend to repay loans faster as they tend to be more responsible than single borrowers. Nationality seems to be an issue as foreigners tends to default the repayment loans. Finally, those involved in manufacturing activities perform better than those involved in service activities in repaying their loans. This clearly indicates that in developed countries special attention needs to be provided to minority groups as well as market/supply conditions, which are not normally considered in less favored economic countries.