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Browsing Ciências e Tecnologia / Sciences and Technology by Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) "03:Saúde de Qualidade"
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- Aspetos socioeconómicos da Diabetes Mellitus em Pemba, Moçambique: estudo de casoPublication . Michal, Soares; Carapeto, CristinaIntrodução: Apesar da diabetes mellitus ser uma condição cujo tratamento, causas e consequências são bem conhecidas, a sua prevalência continua a aumentar sendo a sua incidência comparável à das epidemias. Objetivos: O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi averiguar se os portadores da DMII que recorrem ao Hospital de Pemba, Moçambique, têm condições socioeconómicas para seguir a dieta que lhes é recomendada para o controlo da sua condição. Resultados: Foram incluídos neste estudo de caso 28 pacientes sendo que se optou por um questionário de frequência alimentar e questões relacionadas com o dia-a-dia dos pacientes cujos resultados foram relacionados com a variável dependente classe social. Verificou-se haver uma dificuldade generalizada no acesso aos alimentos independentemente da classe social dos inquiridos. Também se verificou existir um elevado nível de consciência por parte dos inquiridos no que respeita à DMII e seu tratamento. Conclusão: As condições socioeconómicas da população em estudo determina o seu nível de adesão à DMII muito em especial no que concerne à adoção de um padrão alimentar favorável ao controlo da condição.
- Biochemical endpoints on juvenile Solea senegalensis exposedPublication . Costa, Pedro M.; Caeiro, Sandra; Diniz, Mário S.; Lobo, Jorge; Martins, Marta; Ferreira, Ana M.; Caetano, Miguel; Vale, Carlos; DelValls, T. Ángel; Costa, Maria HelenaJuvenile Solea senegalensis were exposed to fresh sediments from three stations of the Sado estuary (Portugal) in 28-day laboratory assays. Sediments revealed distinct levels of total organic matter, fine fraction, redox potential, trace elements (arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc) and organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and a pesticide: dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane). Organisms were surveyed for contaminant bioaccumulation and induction of two hepatic biochemical biomarkers: metallothionein (MT) and cytochrome P450 (CYP1A), as potential indicators of exposure to metallic and organic contaminants, respectively. Using an integrative approach it was established that, although bioaccumulation is in general accordance with sediment contamination, lethality and biomarker responses are not linearly dependent of the cumulative concentrations of sediment contaminants but rather of their bioavailability and synergistic effects in organisms. It is concluded that metals and organic contaminants modulate both MT and CYP1A induction and it is suggested that reactive oxygen species may be the link between responses and effects of toxicity.
- A gestão dos resíduos urbanos no município de Teresópolis: uma avaliação socioambientalPublication . Gomes, Natalia; Carapeto, CristinaEm 1987, o Relatório Brundtland apontou a necessidade de promover o crescimento sustentável, uma vez que a escalada populacional e industrial estavam causando enormes desafios ao meio ambiente. A geração de resíduos excedentes no Brasil é reflexo de uma política de alto consumo que esgota os recursos não renováveis, causando desequilíbrios ambientais e problemas associados ao descarte inadequado de resíduos urbanos. Por isso, a busca por soluções adequadas para o tratamento e disposição final dos resíduos é alvo das políticas setoriais no Brasil e no mundo. Em Teresópolis, o Aterro Sanitário da Prata é o local de disposição final dos resíduos sólidos urbanos. Devido às condições precárias e ao mau funcionamento, o Aterro acaba sendo um lixão e, consequentemente, não corresponde à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, gerando impactos sociais e ambientais. A identificação dos custos socioambientais da gestão do aterro sanitário de Teresópolis e a busca de possíveis soluções para solucionar ou melhorar a situação sanitária atual foram identificadas com uma investigação exploratória e dados de levantamentos juntamente com pesquisa documental e visitas ao local.
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the financial situation of rural and urban households in PolandPublication . Głowicka-Wołoszyn, Romana; Wołoszyn, Andrzej; Stanisławska, Joanna; Oliveira, Amilcar; Oliveira, TeresaThe COVID-19 pandemic not only caused a global health crisis but also had a huge impact on household finances. This research aimed to examine the financial situation of rural and urban households in Poland between 2018 and 2022 from a multidimensional perspective. In a unidimensional approach, the financial situation of households was analyzed separately for their income, expenditures, savings rate, and shares of fixed expenses. In a multidimensional approach, the analysis used a synthetic index constructed for all these variables combined, employing the TOPSIS method and drawing on microdata from the Polish Central Statistical Office that totaled approximately 150,000 households. It was found that despite the pandemic outbreak, which led to major changes in the labor market, government-introduced organizational and legal measures protected the income of Polish households from decline. Indeed, income was increasing up until 2021, with a modest fall in 2022, which was less severe in rural households (by about 2%) than in urban ones (by 6%). A more immediate response to the outbreak was observed in consumer spending, which fell sharply, while the food share in consumption increased at similar levels in rural and urban areas. Regression analysis showed that compared to 2019, the pandemic worsened the financial situation of Polish households, but only in 2020 and 2022 were these changes statistically significant. In 2021, the financial situation improved slightly, but the change was not statistically significant. Before the pandemic, the synthetic assessment of the financial situation in rural areas was lower than in urban ones, and the pandemic period did not reduce these differences, showing no convergence between poorer rural areas and richer urban ones. Diagnosing and monitoring the household financial situation are crucial steps for achieving the social dimension goals of sustainable development. Research on the pandemic’s effects on household finances provides valuable information that can help develop effective strategies to counter future crises while supporting the social dimension of the sustainable development strategy.
- Planning cities for pandemics: review of urban and transport planning lessons from COVID-19Publication . Monteiro, João Pedro Medina; Sousa, Nuno; Pais, Filipe; Rodrigues, João Coutinho; Jesus, Eduardo NatividadeFor the past few years, the world has been facing one of the worst pandemics of modern times. The COVID-19 outbreak joined a long list of infectious diseases that turned pandemic, and it will most likely leave scars and change how humans live, plan and manage urban space and its infrastructures. Many fields of science were called into action to mitigate the impacts of this pandemic, including spatial and transport planning. Given the large number of papers recently published in these research areas, it is time to carry out an overview of the knowledge produced, and synthesising, systematising and critically analysing it. This paper aims to review how the urban layout, accessibility and mobility influence the spread of a virus in an urban environment and what solutions exist or have been proposed to create a more effective and less intrusive response to pandemics. This review is split into two avenues of research: spatial planning and transport planning, including the direct and indirect impact on the environment and sustainability.
- Stochastic response surface methodology: a study in the human health areaPublication . Oliveira, Teresa; Leal, Maria da Conceição Dias; Oliveira, AmilcarIn this paper we review Stochastic Response Surface Methodology as a tool for modeling uncertainty in the context of Risk Analysis. An application in the survival analysis in the breast cancer context is implemented with R software.
- Sulfonyldibenzoate coordination polymers as bioactive dopants for polysaccharide films with antibacterial and antibiofilm propertiesPublication . Fernandes, Tiago; Macedo, Filipa; Cabral, Rafaela G.; Guiu, Telma; Franco, Chris H. J.; Jorge, Paula; Sousa, Ana Catarina; Anfré, Vânia; Cerca, Nuno; Kirillov, Alexander M.This work describes the preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of bioactive silver(I) and copper(II) coordination polymers (bioCPs) and derived biopolymer materials. Two bioCPs, [Ag2(μ6-sdba)]n (1) and [Cu(μ4-sdba)H2O]n·1.5nH2O (2), were assembled from metal salt precursors and 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid (H2sdba). Both compounds were used as dopants for preparing hybrid biopolymerfilms based on agarose (AGR) or potato starch (PS) as model polysaccharide biopolymers with varying rates of degradability and silver/copper release. BioCPs and derived biopolymer films (1@[AGR]n, 2@[AGR]n, 1@[PS]n, and 2@[PS]n) with a low loading of dopant (1–5 wt%) show promising antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus and S. epidermidis) and Gram-negative (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) bacteria. Silver doped biopolymer films also totally impair the formation of bacterial biofilms, with undetectable biofilm cells in several cases (∼7.5 log or 99.99999% inhibition). By reporting new bioCPs and biopolymer films obtained from renewable polysaccharides, this multidisciplinary work extends the application of coordination compounds as components of hybrid functional materials with antimicrobial properties and prospective biomedical relevance.
- Using R in experimental design with BIBD: an application in health sciencesPublication . Oliveira, Teresa; Francisco, Carla; Oliveira, Amilcar; Ferreira, AgostinhoConsidering the implementation of an Experimental Design, in any field, the experimenter must pay particular attention and look for the best strategies in the following steps: planning the design selection, conduct the experiments, collect observed data, proceed to analysis and interpretation of results. The focus is on providing both - a deep understanding of the problem under research and a powerful experimental process at a reduced cost. Mainly thanks to the possibility of allowing to separate variation sources, the importance of Experimental Design in Health Sciences is strongly recommended since long time. Particular attention has been devoted to Block Designs and more precisely to Balanced Incomplete Block Designs - in this case the relevance states from the fact that these designs allow testing simultaneously a number of treatments bigger than the block size. Our example refers to a possible study of inter reliability of the Parkinson disease, taking into account the UPDRS (Unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale) in order to test if there are significant differences between the specialists who evaluate the patients performances. Statistical studies on this disease were described for example in Richards et al (1994), where the authors investigate the inter-rater Reliability of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Motor Examination. We consider a simulation of a practical situation in which the patients were observed by different specialists and the UPDRS on assessing the impact of Parkinson’s disease in patients was observed. Assigning treatments to the subjects following a particular BIBD(9,24,8,3,2) structure, we illustrate that BIB Designs can be used as a powerful tool to solve emerging problems in this area. Once a structure with repeated blocks allows to have some block contrasts with minimum variance, see Oliveira et al. (2006), the design with cardinality 12 was selected for the example. R software was used for computations.