Extensão do Centro de Ecologia Funcional da Universidade de Coimbra na Universidade Aberta | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals
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- Beekeeping in Europe facing climate change: a mixed methods study on perceived impacts and the need to adapt according to stakeholders and beekeepersPublication . Van Espen, Marie; Williams, James H.; Alves, Fátima; Hung, Yung; Graaf, Dirk C. de; Verbeke, WimThe beekeeping sector is suffering from the detrimental effects of climate change, both directly and indirectly. Despite numerous studies conducted on this subject, large-scale research incorporating stakeholders' and beekeepers' perspectives has remained elusive. This study aims to bridge this gap by assessing the extent to which stakeholders involved in the European beekeeping sector and European beekeepers perceive and experience the impacts of climate change on their operations, and whether they had to adapt their practices accordingly. To this end, a mixed-methods study including in-depth stakeholder interviews (n = 41) and a pan-European beekeeper survey (n = 844) was completed within the frame of the EU-funded H2020-project B-GOOD. The development of the beekeeper survey was informed by insights from literature and the stakeholder interviews. The results highlighted significant regional disparities in the perceived impacts of climate change, with beekeepers in Southern European regions expressing more negative outlooks, while Northern European beekeepers reported more favourable experiences. Furthermore, survey analysis revealed beekeepers who were classified as ‘heavily impacted’ by climate change. These beekeepers reported lower average honey yields, higher colony winter loss rates and a stronger perceived contribution of honey bees to pollination and biodiversity, underscoring climate change's detrimental impacts on the beekeeping sector. Multinomial logistic regression revealed determinants of the likelihood of beekeepers being classified as ‘heavily impacted’ by climate change. This analysis indicates that Southern European beekeepers experienced a 10-fold likelihood of being classified as heavily impacted by climate change compared to Northern European beekeepers. Other significant factors distinguishing ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ were self-reported level of professionalism as a beekeeper (ranging from pure hobbyist to fully professional, Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.31), number of years active in beekeeping (OR = 1.02), availability of floral resources throughout the bee season (OR = 0.78), beehives located in a forested environment (OR = 1.34), and the presence of local policy measures addressing climate change-related challenges (OR = 0.76).
- Bridging the gap between field experiments and machine learning: the EC H2020 B-GOOD Project as a case study towards automated predictive health monitoring of honey bee coloniesPublication . Van Dooremalen, Coby; Ulgezen, Zeynep N.; Dall’Olio, Raffaele; Godeau, Ugoline; Duan, Xiaodong; Sousa, José Paulo; Schäfer, Marc O.; Beaurepaire, Alexi; Van Gennip, Pim; Schoonman, Marten; Flener, Claude; Matthijs, Severine; Claeys Boúúaert, David; Verbeke, Wim; Freshley, Dana; Valkenburg, Dirk-Jan; Van Den Bosch, Trudy; Schaafsma, Famke; Peters, Jeroen; Xu, Mang; Le Conte, Yyes; Alaux, Cedric; Dalmon, Anne; Paxton, Robert J.; Tehel, Anja; Streicher, Tabea; Dezmirean, Daniel S.; Giurgiu, Alexandru I.; Topping, Christopher J.; Williams, James Henty; Capela, Nuno; Lopes, Sara; Alves, Fátima; Alves, Joana; et al.; Alves, FátimaHoney bee colonies have great societal and economic importance. The main challenge that beekeepers face is keeping bee colonies healthy under ever-changing environmental conditions. In the past two decades, beekeepers that manage colonies of Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) have become increasingly concerned by the presence of parasites and pathogens affecting the bees, the reduction in pollen and nectar availability, and the colonies’ exposure to pesticides, among others. Hence, beekeepers need to know the health condition of their colonies and how to keep them alive and thriving, which creates a need for a new holistic data collection method to harmonize the flow of information from various sources that can be linked at the colony level for different health determinants, such as bee colony, environmental, socioeconomic, and genetic statuses. For this purpose, we have developed and implemented the B-GOOD (Giving Beekeeping Guidance by computational-assisted Decision Making) project as a case study to categorize the colony’s health condition and find a Health Status Index (HSI). Using a 3-tier setup guided by work plans and standardized protocols, we have collected data from inside the colonies (amount of brood, disease load, honey harvest, etc.) and from their environment (floral resource availability). Most of the project’s data was automatically collected by the BEEP Base Sensor System. This continuous stream of data served as the basis to determine and validate an algorithm to calculate the HSI using machine learning. In this article, we share our insights on this holistic methodology and also highlight the importance of using a standardized data language to increase the compatibility between different current and future studies. We argue that the combined management of big data will be an essential building block in the development of targeted guidance for beekeepers and for the future of sustainable beekeeping.
- Bringing the waters to CasablancaPublication . Fernandes, Carla Sofia Ferreira; Alves, FátimaDemographic pressures, economic development, and climate change affect water availability in Morocco, which is rapidly approaching critical water scarcity. Casablanca, the largest urban center, relies almost exclusively on water sources from other regions. The two primary sources are the surface water stations of Bouregreg, fed by the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah dam near Rabat, and the water from the Al Massira dam south of Casablanca. However, due to the decreasing precipitation levels caused by climate change, these water stations will soon fail to provide the level of water required. Therefore, various public and private actors are implementing measures to ensure the continuity of water supply in alignment with Morocco’s National Water Plan. Among the proposed water production solutions are the development of seawater desalination plants and the construction of a canal to transfer water from another river to the Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah Dam. Unfortunately, these supply-side solutions can only be sustainable if they are complemented by the active enforcement of downstream measures, including improved water reuse efficiency and intelligent water consumption management.
- Climate change and health: intercultural dialogue strategies between primary-care physicians and patients : a systematic reviewPublication . Ponte, Nidia; Alves, Fátima; Vidal, Diogo GuedesClimate change represents one of the most serious global threats to public health, with growing impacts on morbidity, mortality and health inequalities. These effects are not evenly distributed, and people and communities in greater social and cultural vulnerability are generally the most affected. At the same time, health services face growing challenges related to the socio-cultural diversity of their users, especially in primary health care, where the first contact with the system is established. Although the scientific literature recognises the importance of intercultural communication in the quality of care, there remains a critical gap in research that systematically explores how intercultural dialogue strategies have been thought through and applied in the context of the health impacts of climate change. Most existing studies treat these dimensions - healthcare, intercultural dialogue and climate change - in a fragmented way, without considering their intersection or combined effects on equity and community resilience. This fragmentation requires the review to be conducted based on three thematic blocks linked to each other: healthcare, intercultural dialogue and climate change. This mapping by blocks will make it possible to identify the existing contributions in each axis separately, and then explore their convergences, gaps and potential for integration. Recognising this dispersion, this review takes a critical and reflexive approach from the outset, seeking to build an analytical cartography of the field, sensitive to the methodological and epistemological diversity of the studies included. This review is link to the registered https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AXYDW.
- O diagnóstico psiquiátrico como racionalização da classificação ontológica negativa dos sujeitos sem-abrigoPublication . Aldeia, JoãoDesde o final do século XX, a intervenção sobre a vida na rua é crescentemente medicalizada. Com base num trabalho de mais de 500 horas de observação direta, realizado numa cidade portuguesa de média dimensão entre 2010 e 2014, discuto como assistentes sociais, psicólogos, psiquiatras, entre outros atores da intervenção, compreendem a vida na rua como um problema de insuficiência ontológico-psiquiátrica de cada sujeito sem-abrigo. Nesse contexto medicalizado, o diagnóstico psiquiátrico é uma técnica de intervenção importante pois é através dela que o julgamento coletivo sobre a anormalidade de cada sujeito sem-abrigo é validado. Não sendo um momento de descoberta médico-científica dessa anormalidade, o diagnóstico oficial pronunciado por um psiquiatra é um instante em que a classificação ontológica negativa apriorística é racionalizada em termos médico-científicos. Através de procedimentos como o diagnóstico psiquiátrico, a medicalização invisibiliza as características estruturais da vida na rua, legitimando um modelo societal desigual e injusto que torna alguns sujeitos sem-abrigo.
- Doenças transmitidas por vetores num contexto de alterações climáticas: antecipando riscos para uma melhor preparação dos territórios: estudo de caso da região de Coimbra, PortugalPublication . Alves, Fátima; Leal, Cátia; Vidal, Diogo GuedesOs crescentes impactos das alterações climáticas irão resultar, num futuro próximo, num aumento na morbilidade associada a algumas doenças sensíveis ao clima, como as doenças vetoriais. As temperaturas mais elevadas, as mudanças na precipitação e as mudanças na variabilidade climática podem alterar as fronteiras ou os limites geográficos e a sazonalidade da transmissão das doenças infeciosas transmitidas por vetores. Este artigo avalia o impacto que a alterações climáticas terão no aumento das doenças transmitidas por vetores na região de Coimbra, no centro de Portugal. Os dados obtidos apontam para um aumento de morbilidade de determinadas doenças sensíveis ao clima, como por exemplo as doenças infeciosas transmitidas por vetores, em particular, as doenças transmitidas por mosquitos, flebótomos e carraças, bem como a malária, o dengue, a doença de Lyme, com potencial importância na região de Coimbra. A Malária é uma doença endémica do passado na região, e associada aos campos de arroz e à área estuarina da bacia do Mondego, sendo a temperaturas elevadas muito favorável para a sua propagação, constituindo-se um risco futuro. Neste contexto, são necessárias medidas de adaptação, de carácter essencialmente preventivo e intersetorial.
- Editorial. Possible nature(s) in urban spaces: plurality and agency to tackle socio-ecological challengesPublication . Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Alves, Fátima; Menezes, Marluci; Galo, Edumundo; Tomé, PedroEste número especial procurou promover uma reflexão aprofundada sobre novas maneiras de entender a natureza nas cidades, desafiando a visão tradicional que a vê como um cenário passivo. Foram reunidas contribuições que destacam a natureza como um agente ativo, capaz de transformar as cidades em espaços mais sustentáveis e resilientes. A editorial enfatiza a necessidade de incluir múltiplas vozes e saberes, reconhecendo a importância das interdependências entre naturezas, sociedades e culturas. Somente assim será possível imaginar futuros urbanos mais justos e adaptativos para enfrentar os desafios socioecológicos.
- Future and nature stakeholder integration in climate deliberationPublication . Alves, Fátima; Vidal, Diogo Guedes; Bentz, J.; Ristić Trajković, J.Traditional participatory approaches are insufficient to handle the complexity of growing climate difficulties and threats to socioecological balance (Darwish et al., 2023). There is an increasing need to broaden climate discourse by including vulnerable and excluded social groups and conceptualizing how to merge nature representatives with future generations. Inclusive discussion increases the effectiveness of solving climate issues by relying on a diverse variety of information, experiences, and expertise, as well as embracing the interests and concerns of all impacted parties, including those who are not currently present (Vidal & Alves, 2024).
- Improving ecosystem services through applied agroecology on german farms: costs and benefitsPublication . Wenzel, Bettina; Winkler, Julian; Kirchner, Sascha M.; Junge, Stephan Martin; Mendonça, Pedro; Alves, Fátima; Kehlenbeck, HellaUnder the EU’s new “Farm to Fork” strategy, crop production systems should rapidly become more environmentally friendly. In particular, by adopting agroecological measures that support functional biodiversity and improve ecosystem services for crop production, this paper contributes to the ongoing efforts in characterizing the socio-economic effects that the upscaling of these measures entails, by looking into two key measures: flower strips and mulching. One important socio-economic aspect of their adoption is their potential impact on agricultural income; however, knowledge on costs and benefits of measures enhancing functional biodiversity at the farm level is still limited. In order to improve these shortcomings our approach makes use of data from field experiments completed with interviews to provide cost–benefit results for flower strips and organic mulching. The estimations show that for “flower strips,” on average costs could be covered by compensation payments. Regarding the in-crop measure “organic mulching,” the benefits potentially outweigh the costs under the frame conditions of organic agriculture. The analysis also highlights some obstacles and knowledge gaps in the estimation of benefits, especially for off-crop measures like flower strips.
- Interculturality in the development of technology-mediated courses for massive health education: a systematic reviewPublication . Cunha, Priscila Sanara; Brabalho, Ingridy Marina Pierre; Fernandes, Filipe Ricardo dos Santos; Romão, Manoel Honorio; Valentim, Janina Luana Rodrigues da Silva; Coutinho, Karla Mônica Dantas; Araújo, Kaline Sampaio de; Valentim, Ricardo Alexsandro de Medeiros; Dias, Aline de Pinho; Baptista, Natalia Araújo do Nascimento; Silva, José Adailton da; Clemente, Heleni Aires; Alves, Fátima; Coutinho, Karilany DantasVirtual Learning Environments have become innovative tools in health professionals education. Through Massive Open Online Courses, they enable different ways of connecting with knowledge, facilitating study autonomy, interaction, and closer alignment with professional practices and the context of course participants. MOOCs comprise an educational strategy for many fields, including health. As they educate health professionals about a variety of practices, MOOCs play a crucial role in interculturality by enabling professionals to approach cultural diversity in work settings. This study provides a review of the literature investigating the element of interculturality in the production of healthcare-related MOOCs intended for a variety of audiences, including practicing healthcare professionals, healthcare professional trainees, and the general public. Based on a systematic review protocol, we searched for peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2023 in Science Direct, PubMed, ERIC, and Scopus. Fifteen studies were selected for final analysis, which highlighted MOOC development, its underlying processes, and its importance in promoting health and social well-being. MOOCs have (1) provided new approaches to technology-mediated learning in distance health education, (2) aided training, (3) disseminated knowledge, and (4) promoted interculturality. Continuous collaboration and innovation in MOOC development are essential to ensure their effectiveness and relevance in the contemporary educational scenario.