Ambiente e Sustentabilidade | Capítulos/artigos em livros internacionais / Book chapters/papers in international books
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- Zinc and cooper accumulation in the clam Ruditapes Decussatus L.. (Bivalvia) field mesocosms and laboratory experimentsPublication . Castro, L.; Sobral, P.; Costa, Maria Helena; Peres, I.; Caeiro, Sandra
- Parque Natural da Arrábida e Área de Paisagem Protegida do Sudoeste AlentejanoPublication . Caeiro, SandraIn this section a general characterization of the coastal arca of the Parque Nacional da Arrábida (PNA) is given. The Parque Nacional da Arrábida located in the most southern part of de Setúbal peninsula, occupies an area of 10.800 Ha. Geographically the PNA is placed between the parallels 38° 27"- 38° 38'northlatitude and 8°55" - 9° 50' longitude west (Trindade, 1988). The area contains a small chain of limestone outcrops with a maximum elevation of S00 m running parallel to the southern cdge of Setúbal peninsula, ending in steep cliffs rising from the sea. (Catarino er al., 1981).
- Role of pure and mixed cultures of gram-positive eubacteria in mineral leachingPublication . Johnson, D. Barrie; Nicolau, Paula Bacelar; Okibe, Naoko; Yahya, Adibah; Hallberg, Kevin B.Research on the biooxidation of sulfidic minerals has tended to be heavily biased towards Gram-negative bacteria, such as Leptospirillum ferrooxidans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Currently, just three species of mineral-oxidising Gram-positive bacteria are recognised: Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans, Sulfobacillus acidophilus and Acidimicrobium (Am.) ferrooxidans, all of which are thermotolerant prokaryotes. We have isolated and characterised a number of phylogenetically distinct Gram-positive ironmetabolising bacteria, including mesophilic and moderately thermophilic strains. Mesophilic isolates include (i) novel Sulfobacillus spp., some of which are the more acidophilic than all known iron-oxidising bacteria, (ii) "Ferrimicrobium acidiphilum", an actinobacterium most closely related to Am. ferrooxidans, and (iii) a group of low GC Gram-positives which appear to represent a novel genus. Moderately thermophilic isolates include a novel Sulfobacillus sp., an Alicyclobacillus spp. that, in contrast to currently recognised species, grows anaerobically by reduction of ferric iron and thrives in mineral leaching environments, and a new genus/species of iron- and sulfur-oxidising bacterium with the proposed name "Caldibacillus ferrivorus". These novel prokaryotes exhibited varying degrees of mineral leaching efficiencies, with the mesophilic Sulfobacillus spp. being particularly adept at solubilising pyrite at very low (<1) pH values. All novel Gram-positive isolates catalysed the oxidative dissolution of pyrite at lower redox potentials than Gram-negative mesophiles. Mixed cultures of Gram-positive bacteria, either with other Gram-positives or with Gram-negative bacteria, were often more effective mineral-leaching systems than corresponding pure cultures.
- Study of different assisting agents for the removal of heavy metals from MSW fly ashesPublication . Ferreira, Célia; Ribeiro, Alexandra B.; Ottosen, Lisbeth M.This work presents the results of the extraction of Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn and Cd from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) incinerator fly ashes. In the present work the following assisting agents were evaluated for their capacity to remove heavy metals from fly ash into solution, in a wide pH range: EDTA, ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, Na-Gluconate and water. Results obtained in these extractions indicate that cadmium and lead present the highest removals with 75% and 61910of total concentration, although not obtained with the same extraction agent. Removal for the other metals was up to 49% for Cu, 20% for Zn and only 2% for Mn. The results indicate that Na-gluconate presents the best removal efficiencies for both zinc and lead, while performing also well for the other metals. Nagluconate is aprox. 2 times more efficient in extracting lead than EDTA (which is the second best) and 61 times better than ammonium acetate. Ammonium acetate performs best for cadmium and copper. Na-gluconate stands out as a good assisting agent. Besides the good performance observed in the extraction tests it also presents some additional characteristics such as non-toxicity, good performance at high pH values, formation of charged complexes with the metals and reasonable price, that points out the possibility of using it as an assisting agent in the electrodialytic remediation of fly ash.
- Treatment of MSW fly ashes using the electrodialytic remediation techniquePublication . Ferreira, Célia; Ribeiro, Alexandra B.; Ottosen, Lisbeth M.In the present work the electrodialytic remediation technique is applied for the treatment of fly ash, a hazardous by-product resulting from the incineration of municipal solid waste. Results are presented for an experiment conducted for 40 days at 38 mA, with a continuously stirred cell. Experimental parameters monitored include voltage drop, pH and electrolyte’s volumes. Evolution of heavy metal concentration with time in the different compartments is analysed. The performance of sodium gluconate for heavy metals extraction from fly ash in different pH conditions is evaluated in batch extraction tests and during the electrodialytic treatment. This substance was found to perform well for pH below 6 and above 9, although extractions are better in the acidic region. Other relevant observations include the retention of significant amounts of heavy metals on the cation-exchange membrane separating chambers III and IV and the dissolution of a large percentage of sample during the treatment. 39% of zinc, 14% of lead, 18% of copper and 60% of cadmium were removed from fly ash using the electrodialytic technique and these results are compared with previously reported experiments on similar materials.
- Optimisation of an estuarine monitoring program: selecting the best spatial distributionPublication . Caeiro, Sandra; Painho, Marco; Goodvaerts, P.; Costa, Maria Helena; Ribeiro, Luís; Cunha, M.; Nunes, L.
- Evaluation of an environmental education action about water resources conservationPublication . Caeiro, Sandra; Santos, L. S.; Azeiteiro, Ulisses
- Delineation of estuarine management units: evaluation of an automatic procedurePublication . Caeiro, Sandra; Bação, F.; Marco, Painho; Goodvaerts, P.; Costa, Maria Helena
- Monitoring programmes: the fundamental component of estuaries management: how to design one?Publication . Caeiro, Sandra; Nunes, Luis; Ramos, Tomás B.; Cunha, M. C.; Ribeiro, L.; Costa, Maria HelenaThis article focuses on the design of a conceptual framework to design and assess environmental estuarine monitoring programmes, including the networks, to detect quality status changes in coastal areas within environmental management programmes. Monitoring is a fundamental component in any management system, and in particular in sensitive areas under strong human pressures, like estuaries. These pressures will be reflected in impacts in the ecosystem and also in responses from it. A monitoring program including the network and the indicators measured, should be designed to be able to identify the i) pressures, ii) the state and effects, and iii) the responses of human action in the estuary according to casualty chains, also the monitoring performance should be measured to assess the effectiveness of the monitoring program itself. Answers to these needs are studied in this article, namely in what concerns the selection and location of the monitoring stations. To evaluate the “best” monitoring design one should first clearly identify the objectives of the network and which indicators (in the sense of important variables that reflect environmental attributes) are most appropriate for the particular situation. In this work two methods for monitoring network design will be evaluated, namely i) variance-reduction based, and ii) space-filling. These two are examples of a statistically-based method, and of a random-allocation-based method. The most appropriate objective functions are used to reflect the objectives of the monitoring. In all cases the objective function models are solved with the simulated annealing meta-heuristic algorithm, implemented by the team to solve monitoring optimisation problems. Due to the amount and quality of the information available, the Sado estuary is used as a case-study to demonstrate the results of the methods and helping in the comparative analysis.
- Environmental literacy in biodiversity terms at the end of the compulsory school: case study in Amadora, PortugalPublication . Nicolau, Paula Bacelar; Nicolau, Leonor Bacelar; Galamba, J. M. M.; Azeiteiro, UlissesThis study assessed the contribution of formal environmental education, of the Portuguese national curricula, to student’s knowledge of biodiversity and related subjects, at the end of compulsory school. We also investigated the contribution of Alternative Courses on Education and Training to student’s environmental literacy, in terms of their knowledge of biodiversity and related subjects. The results of this study suggest that the formal environmental education of the national curricula and the alternative curricula did not significantly affect the environmental literacy of students, in terms of their knowledge of biodiversity and related subjects. A number of implications for Curriculum development and instructional practice are presented, and recommendations for further research are provided.