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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os desastres globais associados a fenómenos naturais são uma característica intrínseca
da dinâmica do nosso planeta e, ao longo da história da Terra, provocaram impactos elevados na
distribuição mundial das espécies e na forma como estas utilizam recursos. Este trabalho pretende
contextualizar a gestão dos desastres, ligando-a às tendências de globalização verificadas no passado
recente e debatendo a importância da adoção de conceitos comuns para os modelos de governança
dos riscos. Neste sentido, é possível verificar que a globalização dos desastres associados a fenómenos
naturais corresponde a um processo recente e segue lógicas globais, onde os efeitos sistémicos originam
uma ampliação das consequências de fenómenos locais ou regionais. A resposta aos desastres tem
sido coordenada pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) em articulação com os governos dos
estados-membros, organizações não governamentais e entidades privadas. Em conjunto, definem
planos de prevenção, reação e resiliência às catástrofes e estabelecem estratégias de médio prazo para
a mitigação e adaptação. Os quadros de ação de Hyogo (2005 e 2015) e de Sendai (2015-2030)
representam uma resposta coordenada da ONU e assumem compromissos nacionais no âmbito da
redução do risco de desastres, com ligações muito claras aos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável.
Esta resposta globalizada exige a adoção de conceitos e metodologias uniformes na fase de avaliação
e na fase de comunicação de resultados a atores-chave com capacidade decisória. Assim, a decisão
de ação será mais eficiente se os modelos de governança souberem enquadrar a resposta a dar nas
fases de avaliação e de gestão do risco, com vista ao desenvolvimento sustentável das sociedades.
A governação do risco está hoje centrada nas ações de prevenção, com grande incidência em medidas
de adaptação suportadas pelo estudo dos fatores naturais e humanos de predisposição. Estes modelos
de governação tendem também para uma maior ligação ao desenvolvimento sustentável, com
estratégias, ações e metas que implicam uma atuação direta nos fatores que potenciam e melhoram
o desempenho sustentável das comunidades e, com isso, diminuem exposições e vulnerabilidades
face ao risco de desastres.
Global disasters related to natural phenomena are an intrinsic feature of the dynamics of our planet and, throughout the Earth’s history, have had high impacts on the worldwide distribution of species and the way they use resources. This text aims to contextualize disaster management, linking it to the globalization trends seen in the recent past and debating the importance of adopting common concepts for risk governance models. In this sense, it is possible to observe that the globalization of disasters associated with natural phenomena corresponds to a recent process and follows global logics, where the systemic efects lead to an amplifcation of the consequences of local or regional phenomena. The response to disasters has been coordinated by the United Nations (UN) in articulation with Member-state governments, non-governmental organizations, and private entities. Together, they defne disaster prevention, response and resilience plans and establish medium-term strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The Hyogo (2005 and 2015), and Sendai (2015-2030) frameworks for action represent a coordinated UN response and national level commitments to disaster risk reduction, with very clear links to the sustainable development goals. This globalized response requires the adoption of uniform concepts and methodologies in the assessment and in the communication of results to stakeholders with decision-making capacity. Thus, the decision to act will be more efcient if governance models are able to frame the assessment and risk management phases for the sustainable development of societies. Risk governance is today focused on preventive actions, with a high incidence on adaptation measures supported by the study of natural and human predisposition factors. These governance models also tend towards a greater linkage to sustainable development, with strategies, actions and goals that imply a direct action on the factors that enhance the sustainable performance of communities and, therefore, reduce exposures and vulnerabilities to disaster risk.
Global disasters related to natural phenomena are an intrinsic feature of the dynamics of our planet and, throughout the Earth’s history, have had high impacts on the worldwide distribution of species and the way they use resources. This text aims to contextualize disaster management, linking it to the globalization trends seen in the recent past and debating the importance of adopting common concepts for risk governance models. In this sense, it is possible to observe that the globalization of disasters associated with natural phenomena corresponds to a recent process and follows global logics, where the systemic efects lead to an amplifcation of the consequences of local or regional phenomena. The response to disasters has been coordinated by the United Nations (UN) in articulation with Member-state governments, non-governmental organizations, and private entities. Together, they defne disaster prevention, response and resilience plans and establish medium-term strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The Hyogo (2005 and 2015), and Sendai (2015-2030) frameworks for action represent a coordinated UN response and national level commitments to disaster risk reduction, with very clear links to the sustainable development goals. This globalized response requires the adoption of uniform concepts and methodologies in the assessment and in the communication of results to stakeholders with decision-making capacity. Thus, the decision to act will be more efcient if governance models are able to frame the assessment and risk management phases for the sustainable development of societies. Risk governance is today focused on preventive actions, with a high incidence on adaptation measures supported by the study of natural and human predisposition factors. These governance models also tend towards a greater linkage to sustainable development, with strategies, actions and goals that imply a direct action on the factors that enhance the sustainable performance of communities and, therefore, reduce exposures and vulnerabilities to disaster risk.
Description
Keywords
Riscos Globalização dos desastres Conceitos de risco Adaptação Governança Desenvolvimento sustentável Risks Globalization of disasters Concepts of risk Adaptation Governance Sustainable development
Citation
Publisher
Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra