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A importância da gestão da água em época romana: o exemplo da barragem do Álamo em Alcoutim
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Abstract(s)
A água foi um dos recursos fulcrais explorados pelos Romanos, para diversas finalidades,
desde o abastecimento público à irrigação. Neste âmbito, as barragens constituem
um dos mais expressivos exemplos do aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos,
ilustrando o alto nível atingido pelos seus engenheiros e arquitectos, na concepção e
construção de tais empreendimentos. A investigação arqueológ ica levada a cabo na
barragem romana do Álamo (Alcoutim), em 2006 e 2007, 129 anos após os primeiros
registos gráficos, realizados em 1877 sob coordenação de Estácio da Veiga, permitiu o
reconhecimento desta obra como uma das mais importantes do território português.
Os trabalhos arqueológicos realizados ao longo de 50 m junto ao paramento de
montante da barragem, revestido a opus incettum, constituíram trabalho pioneiro desta
índole realizado em Portugal e foram decisivos para a identificação da verdadeira altura
da barragem e de algumas das suas características estruturais, bem como da cronologia
do seu funcionamento, através da tipologia dos espólios arqueológicos provenientes
dos depósitos acumu lados no fundo da antiga albufeira. Presentemente, e
com a barragem dita de Olisipo, constitui a barragem mais alta de alvenaria com contrafortes,
até ao presente reconhecida no mundo romano.
Water was one of the key resources exploited by the Romans for a variety of purposes, from the public water supply, to irrigation. ln this context, the dams are one of the most expressive examples of the use of water resources, illustrating the high level reached by roman engineers and architects in the design and construction of such endeavors. The archaeological research carried out at the Roman dam of Álamo (Alcoutim), in the years 2006 and 2007, 129 years after the first graphic records, made in 1877 under the coordination of Estácio da Veiga, highlighted this work as one of the most important of the Portuguese territory. The archaeological works performed close to the upstream wall of the dam, built in opus incertum over a length of about 50m, constituted pioneering work of this nature carried out in Portugal and were decisive for the identification of the structural characteristics of the dam, as well as the chronology of its functioning, through the typology of the archaeological remains recovered in deposits accumulated at the bottom of the old reservoir. With the so-called Olisipo dam, constitutes the most higher masonry dam with buttresses until now identified in the Roman world.
Water was one of the key resources exploited by the Romans for a variety of purposes, from the public water supply, to irrigation. ln this context, the dams are one of the most expressive examples of the use of water resources, illustrating the high level reached by roman engineers and architects in the design and construction of such endeavors. The archaeological research carried out at the Roman dam of Álamo (Alcoutim), in the years 2006 and 2007, 129 years after the first graphic records, made in 1877 under the coordination of Estácio da Veiga, highlighted this work as one of the most important of the Portuguese territory. The archaeological works performed close to the upstream wall of the dam, built in opus incertum over a length of about 50m, constituted pioneering work of this nature carried out in Portugal and were decisive for the identification of the structural characteristics of the dam, as well as the chronology of its functioning, through the typology of the archaeological remains recovered in deposits accumulated at the bottom of the old reservoir. With the so-called Olisipo dam, constitutes the most higher masonry dam with buttresses until now identified in the Roman world.
Description
Keywords
Arqueologia Período romano Recursos hídricos Barragem Alcoutim Portugal
Citation
Publisher
Edições Afrontamento