História, Arqueologia e Património | Artigos em revistas nacionais / Papers in national journals
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- Entre portais e armários entaipados: novos testemunhos arqueológicos no Centro Histórico de PalmelaPublication . Sousa, Miguel Martins de; Évora, MarinaOs testemunhos que se apresentam sucedem da intervenção arqueológica realizada num edifício que integra o gaveto de um dos quarteirões da vila de Palmela, situado entre a Rua Mouzinho de Albuquerque e a Rua da Ladeira (Fig. 1). A intervenção ocorreu no âmbito do projeto para a reabilitação de um edifício de habitação de dois pisos e telhado de três águas (30 m2), com um pequeno corpo anexo (15 m2) de três pisos e telhado de uma água, outrora separado do restante espaço através de uma parede com arcos de suporte no piso térreo1. Em complemento, a sul deste corpo, visto da Rua da Ladeira, com o número 17, localiza-se uma habitação com uma pitoresca escada de tiro percecionada na cartograf a militar de início do século XIX e nos primeiros registos fotográf cos que abrangem a vila palmelense a partir do Parque Venâncio Ribeiro da Costa (Fig. 2-3), permitindo rapidamente localizar o edifício em estudo.
- Antes da arqueologia: as antas no imaginário popular e erudito do povo portuguêsPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Mataloto, RuiOs autores abordam a importância das antas no imaginário popular e erudito das comunidades portuguesas, muito anterior ao reconhecimento da sua relevância científica e valor arqueológico. Essa importância é evidenciada na toponímia antiga, onde abundam termos derivados da estrutura dos monumentos megalíticos ou dos montículos que, por vezes, ainda os cobriam. São sublinhadas as primeiras publicações científicas dedicadas ao tema, onde se destaca o pioneirismo de Francisco Pereira da Costa, que em 1868 descreve os resultados de escavações realizadas em antas na região de Castelo de Vide.
- Leceia, Moita da Ladra e Outeiro Redondo: semelhanças e diferenças de três sítios muralhados da estremadura portuguesaPublication . Cardoso, João LuísOs três sítios muralhados de primeira grandeza em que o signatário dirigiu escavações arqueológicas: Leceia (Oeiras), entre 1983 e 2002; Moita da Ladra (Vila Franca de Xira), entre 2003 e 2006; e Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra), entre 2005 e 2016, produziram um conjunto de informações de relevância incontornável para o conhecimento das arquitecturas, das estratigrafias, e da cronologia absoluta, tornados assim essenciais para o conhecimento da economia e organização social das populações que ocuparam aquela vasta região, com significado cultural próprio: o chamado “Calcolítico da Estremadura”. A esta notável informação, somou-se a respeitante aos espólios arqueológicos exumados, os quais se encontram presentemente totalmente estudados e publicados de forma detalhada. Nesta comunicação, depois de se apresentarem as principais características arquitectónicas, de natureza defensiva e habitacional, respeitantes a cada um deles, valorizaram-se os espólios arqueológicos a partir da identificação dos artefactos susceptíveis, pela sua tipologia, de fornecerem informação objectiva acerca das actividades económicas mais importantes desenvolvidas pelos respectivos habitantes. Tais conclusões, articuladas com as características dos próprios sítios, incluindo a sua implantação geográfica e dimensões, conduziu, pela primeira vez, a conclusões sobre natureza funcional de cada um deles e quanto à forma como os mesmos se integravam no tecido demográfico e económico das penínsulas de Lisboa/Setúbal no decurso do 3.º milénio a.C., região já então densamente povoada.
- What did the first food producers in the Lisbon region eat, in the transition from the 6th to the 5th millennium BC?Publication . Cardoso, João LuísThis study addressed all the Early Neolithic mammal remains recovered from Encosta de Sant’Ana during the excavations conducted between 2004 and 2006, mainly from Sector E. The faunal record studied in this paper suggests that this was a community that occupied the site on a seasonal basis, as indicated by the considerable amount of hunted fauna. Rabbits are particularly noteworthy, followed by deer and possibly wild boar and, although to a much lesser extent, aurochs, suggesting territories that were essentially forest or Mediterranean scrubland, with occasional open spaces. As far as domestic cattle are concerned, the scarcity of bovines is also indicative of limited sedentation.
- 40,000 years later: what we know about the presence of Neanderthals in Portuguese territory and their extinctionPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Cascalheira, JoãoBrief presentation of the theme addressing the history of investigations carried out in Portugal about the presence of Neanderthals, the sites with anhtropological and archaeological record and their antiquity. Considering their close resemblance with our own species and long‑term success across Eurasia, Neanderthals ought to have had all it takes to persist. However, sometime between c. 45,000 and 30,000 years ago, Neanderthals ultimately disappear from the archaeological record, being replaced by modern humans. This cultural and biological replacement process is considered one of the most significant turning points in human evolutionary history. In recent years, knowledge of the processes involved in the disappearance of the Neanderthals and the successful expansion of our species across Eurasia has substantially increased. Still, the spatiotemporal variability of the presumed mechanisms behind Neanderthals’ demise – climate change, fragile demography, inter‑species competition – makes evaluating the replacement at a continental scale very challenging. The Iberian Peninsula, due to its cul‑de‑sac position and the role of its southern regions as one of the last refugia for the Neanderthals, represents an ideal natural setting for testing models of cultural and demographic trajectories leading to the final disappearance of those populations. Focusing on the Iberian archaeological record, in this paper we address the current state of the art and future directions regarding the study of the latest Neanderthals on earth.
- Prémio de Arqueologia Professor Doutor Octávio da Veiga Ferreira instituído na Academia Portuguesa da História pela Câmara Municipal de OeirasPublication . Cardoso, João LuísPalavras de agradecimento proferidas pelo autor da obra premiada. Lisboa, Academia Portuguesa da História, 6 de dezembro de 2023.
- Recepção como Académico Correspondente Estrangeiro da Real Academia de Doctores de España no dia 24 de maio de 2023Publication . Cardoso, João LuísSaudação académica proferida pelo Prof. Doutor Martín Almagro‑Gorbea.
- Contributo para o corpus artefactual metálico do Bronze Final em território português: a pregariaPublication . Melo, Ana Ávila de; Cardoso, João LuísIn this article the authors present for the first time two types of nails with long stems from two Late Bronze Age sites in Estremadura, western Portugal. More recently another nail with long stem and a gold conic head was found in a site in southern Portugal of the same age. The rarity of this type of artifacts justified its characterization, which has now been realized.
- Os ouros calcolíticos do povoado pré‑histórico muralhado do Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra) e da gruta funerária campaniforme da Verdelha dos Ruivos (Vila Franca de Xira)Publication . Cardoso, João Luís; Bottaini, CarloThe paper discusses a group of five gold artifacts originating from Central Portugal, dating back to the latter half of the 3rd millennium BC. One of these artifacts was discovered in the fortified settlement of Outeiro Redondo in Sesimbra, while the remaining four were found in the natural cave of Verdelha dos Ruivos in Vila Franca de Xira which served as a collective burial site associated with the Bell Beaker culture. The study primarily focuses on a typological analysis of the artefacts aimed at comparing these specific gold implements with similar artifacts found elsewhere on the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, we conducted a non‑invasive analysis using a portable X‑ray fluorescence spectrometer, which determined that they are composed of over 90% gold with varying amounts of silver and copper. Such a composition is consistent with other findings from the same period and geographical region, suggesting a commonality in the sourcing of gold from alluvial deposits along the Tagus River. Overall, the findings contribute to our understanding of metallurgical practices, material culture, and social dynamics during the Chalcolithic in Iberia, particularly within the context of the Bell Beaker phenomenon.
- A necrópole da gruta da Verdelha dos Ruivos (Vila Franca de Xira) e a génese do Complexo Campaniforme na região da foz do Tejo (Portugal)Publication . Cardoso, João Luís; Leitão, M.; Ferreira, Octávio da Veiga; Zbyszewski, Georges; North, C. T.; Norton, J.The Verdelha dos Ruivos cave, located around 20 km NNE of Lisbon, is the only necropolis of the Bell Beaker Complex identified in Portugal to date in which it was possible to isolate in a stratigraphic sequence, single burials and reconstruct the original position of the corpses. The cave was occasionally identified in 1973, during the inspection of a Cretaceous limestone quarry, whose exploration front sectioned the cavity, leaving only the distal part of it. The excavation was carried out by a team from the Geological Service of Portugal led by O. da Veiga Ferreira, which included a medicine doctor, which constituted an obvious added value for characterizing the composition of the population and knowledge of the methods of inhumation used. The small crypt that remained of the primitive natural cavity, whose brown filling contrasted with the color of the limestone, was completely emptied by an hardened carbonate breccia, with abundant limestone blocks, containing archaeological remains. The hardness of this very consolidated filling made it difficult to carry out the excavation, which began in October 1973 and ended only in May 1974. Three main levels were identified, consisting of successive individual tombs in dorsal decubitus, on the left or right side, with the body retracted, in the uterine position. It was possible to identify the position of 11 graves, some related with limestone slabs, which constituted the base or covering of the graves. The archaeological remains included all the items considered characteristic of Bell Beaker Complex: sperm whale tooth buttons, gold spirals, a Palmela point, a fragment of a wristguard and ceramics, of which the decorated ones belong exclusively to the Bell Beker Complex, which leads to the conclusion that the funerary use of the cave is exclusively from a community related to this cultural “circle”. The absolute dating carried out allowed us to place the beginning of this necropolis between 2700 and 2600 years BC, extending into the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. These results are consistent with the antiquity of the emergence of the Bell Beaker Complex in the Tagus estuary region, as was demonstrated by the results obtained at the prehistoric settlement of Leceia, located approximately 30 km to the SW, a reality that will be also valued and discussed.