Ambiente e Sustentabilidade | Artigos em revistas internacionais / Papers in international journals
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- Biowaste separate collection and composting in a small island developing state: the case study of São Tomé and Principe, West AfricaPublication . Vaz, João M.; Ferreira, José S.; Ferreira, CéliaSão Tomé and Principe archipelago in West Africa is a Small Island Developing State facing acute waste management problems. This article describes the implementation of selective collection of biowaste combined with composting in São Tomé, as a case-study of an innovative action in the framework of a Small Island Developing State. Collection was designed to gather 225 ty–1, targeting nondomestic biowaste producers, namely local businesses, municipal markets and municipal green waste. A municipal composting plant was built using basic facilities and windrow composting. The total investment amounted to €50,000, mainly supported by external aid. Biowaste producers reacted very positively, source segregating enthusiastically. Irregular service – collection collapsed each time the old vehicle was repaired – together with political disengagement and unmotivated work force were the major constrains. Biowaste was intermittently delivered to the composting plant and yielded 2 t of compost from July to December 2013 and 10 t during 2014. Compost was sold as organic fertiliser to a touristic resource, to small farmers and to gardeners, at a market price slightly below production costs, meaning the process is not economically sustainable without support. Nevertheless, biowaste is one of the few waste fractions (other than glass) that can be turned into a product that has both market value and a real demand, showing the enormous potential of composting source-separated biowaste in this part of the world.
- Fast growing informal peri-urbanization in Africa: the role of local practices in assessing sustainability and planningPublication . Carrilho, João; Balas, Marisa; Dgedge, Gustavo; Trindade, JorgePeri-urbanization occurs differently across world regions, through urban sprawl, local development, and rural exodus. The latter is typical in primarily rural, fast urbanizing underdeveloped regions in an African context. In those regions, semi-urban settlements develop informally from local practices. For their large numbers, undertaking formal assessments and land use planning to any significant extent is impractical. The study applied a flexible framework to assess the role of local practices on sustainability in rapidly expanding settlements in peri-urban areas and how technical resources and narratives can influence and take advantage of such practices. The work reports a mixed-methods case study conducted in settlements North of Maputo, Mozambique using territorial and social cohesion as proxies for sustainability and as a guide for planning interventions priorities. The study used publicly available and participatory geographic information, limited expert opinion surveys, focus group discussions, and individual satisfaction surveys. We show that, while facing limitations, informal practices are conscious of the local suitability of risks in settlements land use planning and favor social cohesion. The framework supports existing theories and reveals that local microscale traditional physical planning brings marginal gains. The research suggests priority to interventions with a higher impact on territorial and social cohesion, such as narrative-based local institutional innovations, enhancing knowledge exchange on standards and risk management solutions, enforcing regulations, and improving regional networking infrastructure and practices, in face of limited resources and city and regional planners. Research is needed to improve the frameworks' replicability as a new tool to assist in peri-urbanization governance.