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Pesca comercial nas águas interiores não marítimas do estuário do Rio Tejo: contributos para o seu melhor conhecimento, melhoria da sustentabilidade socioeconómica e proteção do ambiente estuarino
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A pesca para fins comerciais realiza-se desde tempos imemoriais no estuário do rio
Tejo, mas os dados existentes são no geral escassos, não permitem saber como a atividade
evoluiu nem permitem caracterizar a sua situação atual, o que impede agir no presente e
planear o futuro.
Questões simples, como quantos são, quem são, onde estão, como operam, quando
operam, o que capturam, como capturam, como se organizam, quais os meios de ação, qual
o valor investido, quais os recursos, quais as dificuldades e oportunidades, quais as
potencialidades e ameaças, e outras, não têm resposta.
Apesar do desconhecimento, as instituições públicas que se relacionam com as pescas,
nas várias vertentes, continuam a designá-la de artesanal, à luz de critérios desconhecidos
e sem qualquer estudo recente que o permita concluir, e sabendo antemão que depois da
adesão de Portugal à Comunidade Económica Europeia foram muitos os incentivos à
modernização e apetrechamento tecnológico da frota de pesca local.
Será isto correto? Será que a pesca comercial do estuário do rio Tejo ainda é artesanal?
Com base nesta hipótese de trabalho desencadeamos a investigação utilizando
métodos mistos e tendo como fio condutor três perguntas: (i) como evoluiu a pesca comercial
no estuário do rio Tejo; (ii) quais as características atuais; e (iii) o que é possível fazer para
melhorar a atividade.
Devido à dimensão da população em estudo - 232 embarcações de pesca pertencentes
a trinta comunidades piscatórias espraiadas pelos dez concelhos ribeirinhos (em 2018) - a
recolha do material empírico foi demorada e trabalhosa, situação agravada pela não
colaboração da Autoridade Nacional das Pescas, que não era possível prever, e que atrasou
o trabalho cerca de um ano.
Não obstante, foram alcançados resultados inéditos que permitiram esboçar propostas
muito relevantes para o futuro da atividade, que devem merecer a atenção da tutela, e foi
reunida informação e documentação de técnicas, procedimentos, hábitos e costumes
decrépitos, importantes para a valorização identitária e cultural, que seguramente vão ficar
para a posterioridade como uma referência incontornável nas pescarias do estuário do rio
Tejo.
Da análise do material empírico recolhido, observou-se que a pesca comercial realizada
no estuário do rio Tejo sofreu uma profunda modernização nos últimos 30 anos, e, em
sequência disso, deixou de assentar maioritariamente em fatores humanos, para passar a ser
cada vez mais produto de fatores tecnológicos e técnicos, pelo que não é adequado designála de pesca artesanal.
Considerando o seu confinamento à área de jurisdição da Capitania do Porto de Lisboa,
condição da sua pequena escala, o mais adequado é designá-la de: “pesca comercial de
pequena escala”.
Fishing for commercial purposes has been carried out in the Tagus estuary since time immemorial, but the existing data are generally scarce and do not allow to know how this activity has developed or how it can be characterized at present, thus jeopardizing any action in the present or any plans for the future. It is impossible to get an answer to simple questions such as how many fishermen there are, who they are, where they are, how and when they work, what and how they catch, how they are organized, what means they use in their operation, how much they invest, what resources they have, what difficulties, opportunities, potentialities and threatens they are up to. Despite this lack of knowledge, public institutions dealing with fisheries at various levels continue to consider it as a small-scale activity according to unknown criteria and without any recent study that may justify such a classification, even though it is well known that many incentives to encourage the modernization and technological equipment of the local fleet have been provided following Portugal’s accession to the EEC. Is that right? Is commercial fishing in the Tagus estuary still artisanal? Based on this working hypothesis, we conducted our research using mixed methods and taking these three questions as a guiding thread: (i) how did commercial fishing developed in the Tagus estuary? (ii) what are its current characteristics? and (iii) what can be done to improve the activity? Due to the size of the population under study - 232 fishing vessels belonging to 30 fishing communities spread over the 10 riparian municipalities (in 2018) - the collection of the empirical material was time-consuming and laborious, a situation that was aggravated by the non-cooperation of the National Fisheries Authority, which could not be foreseen, and which delayed the work for about a year. Nevertheless, unprecedented results were achieved, allowing the drafting of very relevant proposals for the future of the activity that should deserve the attention of the supervising authorities, and information and documentation were gathered on decrepit techniques, procedures, habits and customs, important for the valorization of identity and culture, which will surely remain for posterity as an unavoidable reference in the fisheries in the Tagus estuary. An analysis of the empirical material collected shows that the commercial fishing carried out in the Tagus estuary has undergone a profound modernization in the last 30 years, and, as a result, it is no longer based mainly on human factors, but increasingly on technological and technical factors. Therefore, it is not appropriate to call it “small-scale fishing”.
Fishing for commercial purposes has been carried out in the Tagus estuary since time immemorial, but the existing data are generally scarce and do not allow to know how this activity has developed or how it can be characterized at present, thus jeopardizing any action in the present or any plans for the future. It is impossible to get an answer to simple questions such as how many fishermen there are, who they are, where they are, how and when they work, what and how they catch, how they are organized, what means they use in their operation, how much they invest, what resources they have, what difficulties, opportunities, potentialities and threatens they are up to. Despite this lack of knowledge, public institutions dealing with fisheries at various levels continue to consider it as a small-scale activity according to unknown criteria and without any recent study that may justify such a classification, even though it is well known that many incentives to encourage the modernization and technological equipment of the local fleet have been provided following Portugal’s accession to the EEC. Is that right? Is commercial fishing in the Tagus estuary still artisanal? Based on this working hypothesis, we conducted our research using mixed methods and taking these three questions as a guiding thread: (i) how did commercial fishing developed in the Tagus estuary? (ii) what are its current characteristics? and (iii) what can be done to improve the activity? Due to the size of the population under study - 232 fishing vessels belonging to 30 fishing communities spread over the 10 riparian municipalities (in 2018) - the collection of the empirical material was time-consuming and laborious, a situation that was aggravated by the non-cooperation of the National Fisheries Authority, which could not be foreseen, and which delayed the work for about a year. Nevertheless, unprecedented results were achieved, allowing the drafting of very relevant proposals for the future of the activity that should deserve the attention of the supervising authorities, and information and documentation were gathered on decrepit techniques, procedures, habits and customs, important for the valorization of identity and culture, which will surely remain for posterity as an unavoidable reference in the fisheries in the Tagus estuary. An analysis of the empirical material collected shows that the commercial fishing carried out in the Tagus estuary has undergone a profound modernization in the last 30 years, and, as a result, it is no longer based mainly on human factors, but increasingly on technological and technical factors. Therefore, it is not appropriate to call it “small-scale fishing”.
Description
Keywords
Estuário do Tejo Comunidades piscatórias Frota de pesca local Artes e aprestos de pesca Recursos haliêuticos Gestão da pesca Património histórico e cultural Desenvolvimento social e sustentabilidade Tagus estuary Fishing communities Local fishing fleet Fishing gear and tackle Fishery resources Fisheries management Historic and cultural heritage Social development and sustainability
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Santos, Marco Pais Neves dos - Pesca comercial nas águas interiores não marítimas do estuário do Rio Tejo [Em linha]: contributos para o seu melhor conhecimento, melhoria da sustentabilidade socioeconómica e proteção do ambiente estuarino. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2022