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Growth of a far-right party in Portugal and Roma people as targets of hate and racism
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In 2019, the far-right party Chega was created in Portugal. Since its creation, it has grown steadily in terms of voters, particularly by winning over municipalities that were traditionally considered the bastions of communism, where the Portuguese Communist Party gathered the most votes (Madeira et al., 2021). In the last legislative elections, on 10 March 2024, this party managed to elect 50 deputies, making it the third largest political force in Portugal. It is a populist party of the new radical right, nationalist and conservative, whose main aim is to combat the entry of immigrants into Portugal and the fight against Portuguese Gypsies. Although before the existence of this party the Gypsies were the main victims of hate speech and racism in Portugal (Silva, 2022), there has recently been a huge upsurge with the affirmation of the extreme right. They are also confronted with prejudices, stereotyped, essentialist and homogenizing representations (Costa, 1995), even when they are integrated and work and do not depend on Social Security assistance to survive (Magano, 2010; Magano & Mendes, 2021). Antigypsyism is a phenomenon on the rise and there is no penalization for hate speech. Like what happens in other European countries we are witnessing new forms of racism's expression, alongside the traditional ones, (Kyuchukov, 2012), through hate speech on social media (Tremlett et al, 2017), embodied in forms of Antigypsyism and Romaphobia (FRA, 2018; Stewart, 2012).
Most of the discourse on social media points to the Portuguese Roma being blamed for their situation, namely the lack of education and income from work, and they are also accused of damaging the social environment (Magano & D’Oliveira, 2023).
The main aim of this presentation is to question the factors behind the growth of hatred towards Gypsies, especially in the geographical areas where more Gypsies live, especially as this is the 50th anniversary of the implementation of the democratic system that ended the dictatorial system in Portugal. The aim is also to analyze different expressions of anti- Gypsyism in Portuguese society, especially those caused by the environment in which far-right ideas are disseminated in Portuguese society (press, television channels, proposed government programmes and social networks).