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O povoado pré-histórico fortificado do Outeiro Redondo, Sesimbra: breve síntese dos trabalhos até ao presente realizados (2005-2015)
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Abstract(s)
Apresenta-se a síntese dos resultados obtidos nas sete campanhas arqueológicas de escavações realizadas no povoado pré-histórico fortificado do Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra) entre 2005 e 2015).
Os resultados das análises de radiocarbono efectuadas permitiram situar a ocupação do sítio entre cerca de 2600 e 2100 cal BC.
No decurso dos cerca de 500 anos de presença humana naquela elevação rochosa, dominando a baía de Sesimbra, construiu-se um poderoso dispositivo defensivo, recorrendo a grandes blocos de calcário duro, disponíveis localmente, o qual envolve a parte mais elevada do morro, possuindo planta elipsoidal. Esta
linha muralhada defendia espaço ocupado por diversas estruturas habitacionais, de planta circular ou elipsoidal, às quais, por vezes, se agregavam estruturas de combustão, nalguns casos utilizadas para a metalurgia do cobre, actividade económica muito bem documentada no local. A análise conjunta da cronologia absoluta, da sucessão estratigráfica identificada, da tipologia dos espólios arqueológicos recolhidos
e da sequência construtiva, integrando tanto estruturas habitacionais como defensivas, permitiu traçar as seguintes correlações:
1.ª fase cultural – Calcolítico Inicial (2600 - 2460 cal BC) – ténue presença metalúrgica; produções cerâmicas com decoração canelada; ausência de estruturas defensivas; estruturas habitacionais representadas por cabanas de planta subcircular e lareiras estruturadas.
Pequeno hiato na ocupação do local (que poderia não ser total), talvez de uma ou duas dezenas de anos, na sequência de grande incêndio que arrasou a parte mais densamente ocupada do povoado, correspondendo a plataforma situada do seu lado leste.
2.ª fase cultural – Calcolítico Pleno (2440 – 2110 cal BC) – forte actividade metalúrgica; produções cerâmicas com decorações em “folha de acácia”, “crucífera” e motivos associados; presença de estruturas defensivas correspondente a uma única fase construtiva; estruturas habitacionais representadas por cabanas de planta
elipsoidal e lareiras estruturadas.
In this article a synthesis of the results obtained during the seven archaeological campaigns at Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra), a chalcolithic fortified settlement, between 2005 and 2015, is presented. Radiocarbon dating identify the settlement’s occupation between 2600 and 2100 cal BC. During the 500 hundred years settlement’s occupation of this settlement, located in a rocky hill facing Sesimbra’s bay, an important defensive system was built with large limestone blocks, that have been find locally. This wall has an ellipsoidal plan and encompass the hilltop and defended the several huts, with circular and ellipsoidal plans, that sometimes presented also fireplaces, some of them used for copper metallurgy, an economic activity well documented in this settlement. The combined analysis of the radiocarbon dates, the identified stratigraphy, the typology of the recovered archaeological remains and the sequence of the structures identified (both defensive as habitational type) allowed the identification of two cultural well defined faces: 1st cultural face – Early Chalcolihic (2600 – 2460 cal BC) – characterized by few copper artefacts; channeled decorated ceramics; defensive structures not identified; huts with subcircular plans and structured fireplaces. 2nd cultural face – Full Calcholithic (2440 – 2110 cal BC) – characterized by strong evidence of copper metallurgy; ceramics with “acacia leaf” and “cruciferae” decoration patterns; defensive structures built during an unique construction moment; huts with ellipsoidal plans and structured fireplaces.
In this article a synthesis of the results obtained during the seven archaeological campaigns at Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra), a chalcolithic fortified settlement, between 2005 and 2015, is presented. Radiocarbon dating identify the settlement’s occupation between 2600 and 2100 cal BC. During the 500 hundred years settlement’s occupation of this settlement, located in a rocky hill facing Sesimbra’s bay, an important defensive system was built with large limestone blocks, that have been find locally. This wall has an ellipsoidal plan and encompass the hilltop and defended the several huts, with circular and ellipsoidal plans, that sometimes presented also fireplaces, some of them used for copper metallurgy, an economic activity well documented in this settlement. The combined analysis of the radiocarbon dates, the identified stratigraphy, the typology of the recovered archaeological remains and the sequence of the structures identified (both defensive as habitational type) allowed the identification of two cultural well defined faces: 1st cultural face – Early Chalcolihic (2600 – 2460 cal BC) – characterized by few copper artefacts; channeled decorated ceramics; defensive structures not identified; huts with subcircular plans and structured fireplaces. 2nd cultural face – Full Calcholithic (2440 – 2110 cal BC) – characterized by strong evidence of copper metallurgy; ceramics with “acacia leaf” and “cruciferae” decoration patterns; defensive structures built during an unique construction moment; huts with ellipsoidal plans and structured fireplaces.
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Keywords
Arqueologia História Outeiro Redondo Calcolítico Povoado Fortificado Estremadura Portugal Outeiro Redondo Chalcolithic Fortified settlement Estremadura
Citation
Publisher
Câmara Municipal de Sesimbra