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Leonardo Turriano e a produção fabril em Portugal no primeiro quartel do século XVII: o seu contributo no complexo tecnológico-militar de Barcarena (Oeiras)
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Abstract(s)
Describimos la actuación del cremonese Leonardo Turriano (c. 1550-1629) en Barcarena, entre 1618 y 1621/1622, en el ámbito de la producción de pólvora, cuando proyectó y supervisó la construcción de una amplia fábrica, introduciendo nueva tecnología de fabricación, utilizando molinos de galgas, ya utilizados anteriormente en otras fábricas de pólvora del espacio portugués de ultramar. La otra vertiente de la actividad desarrollada en Barcarena por este Ingeniero Jefe del Reino, cargo que desempeñaba desde 1591, consistió en la recuperación del edificio de Ferrarias, para la producción de arcabuces y mosquetes y de clavos para la construcción naval, que en su momento estaban abandonados.
Estas iniciativas son ahora especialmente conocidas por los notables dibujos realizados por Turriano incluidos en un códice conservado en la Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal, acompañados de un texto descriptivo elaborado por él mismo después de haber cesado en Barcarena sus funciones tras la exoneración, en 1621, por Felipe IV (Felipe III de Portugal) del virrey Dom Diogo da Silva, marqués de Alenquer.
Para el conocimiento de las obras realizadas en Barcarena por Turriano ha contribuido importante correspondencia real y otra documentación coetánea, conservada en archivos portugueses y españoles. Estas conclusiones se completaron con los resultados obtenidos en las excavaciones arqueológicas realizadas por el autor en 2009 y que permitieron identificar positivamente el edificio de Ferrarias, fundado por el rey D. João II, en 1487, que estuvo en el origen del desarrollo del complejo tecnológico-militar de Barcarena, cuya actividad se desarrolló de forma ininterrumpida durante más de 500 años, cesando sólo en 1988.
We describe the action taken by the Cremonese Leonardo Turriano (c. 1550-1629) in Barcarena, between 1618 and 1621/1622, in the scope of gunpowder production, when he designed and supervised the construction of a vast factory building, introducing manufacturing technology using galga mills, already previously used in other gunpowder factories in the portuguese overseas space. The other aspect of the activity carried out in Barcarena by this Chief Engineer of the Kingdom, a position he had held since 1591, involved the recovery of the Ferrarias buiding, in order to the production of harquebushes and muskets other than nails and rigging for shipbuilding, which at the time were abandoned. Such initiatives are now especially well known for the notable drawings make by Turriano included in a codex preserved in the National Library and Portugal, accompanied by a descriptive text prepared by himself after he had ceased to function in Barcarena following the exoneration, in 1621, by Filipe IV (Filipe III of Portugal) of the Viceroy Dom Diogo da Silva, Marquês de Alenquer. For the knowledge of the works carried out in Barcarena by Turriano, important royal correspondence and other coeval documentation, preserved in Portuguese and Spanish archives, are published. These conclusions were completed with the results obtained in the archaeological excavations conducted by the author in 2009 and which led to the positive identification of the Ferrarias building, founded by King D. João II, in 1487 which were at the origin of the technological-military complex of Barcarena, whose activity ran without interruption for more than 500 years, ceasing only in 1988.
We describe the action taken by the Cremonese Leonardo Turriano (c. 1550-1629) in Barcarena, between 1618 and 1621/1622, in the scope of gunpowder production, when he designed and supervised the construction of a vast factory building, introducing manufacturing technology using galga mills, already previously used in other gunpowder factories in the portuguese overseas space. The other aspect of the activity carried out in Barcarena by this Chief Engineer of the Kingdom, a position he had held since 1591, involved the recovery of the Ferrarias buiding, in order to the production of harquebushes and muskets other than nails and rigging for shipbuilding, which at the time were abandoned. Such initiatives are now especially well known for the notable drawings make by Turriano included in a codex preserved in the National Library and Portugal, accompanied by a descriptive text prepared by himself after he had ceased to function in Barcarena following the exoneration, in 1621, by Filipe IV (Filipe III of Portugal) of the Viceroy Dom Diogo da Silva, Marquês de Alenquer. For the knowledge of the works carried out in Barcarena by Turriano, important royal correspondence and other coeval documentation, preserved in Portuguese and Spanish archives, are published. These conclusions were completed with the results obtained in the archaeological excavations conducted by the author in 2009 and which led to the positive identification of the Ferrarias building, founded by King D. João II, in 1487 which were at the origin of the technological-military complex of Barcarena, whose activity ran without interruption for more than 500 years, ceasing only in 1988.
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Keywords
Leonardo Turriano Barcarena Herrerias Pólvora Siglo XVII Iron factory Gunpower factory XVII Century
Citation
Publisher
Real Academia de Doctores de España