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Dinâmicas de poder e de cooperação em discursos de crise: contributos da pragmática linguística para o estudo das diretivas e das respostas institucionais em Portugal durante a pandemia da COVID-19
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A presente dissertação analisa os discursos institucionais produzidos em Portugal durante a pandemia da COVID-19, com foco nas dinâmicas de poder e de cooperação expressas através da linguagem. Partindo dos contributos da Pragmática Linguística e da Linguística do Discurso, o estudo centra-se na utilização de diretivas – ordens, recomendações e conselhos – e nas suas implicações comunicativas em contextos de crise. Com base na teoria dos atos de fala, de Austin (1962; 1989) e Searle (1969; 1979), e na noção de delicadeza linguística, de Brown e Levinson (1978; 1987), procuramos compreender de que modo as escolhas linguísticas das autoridades públicas refletem e moldam as relações entre poder institucional e cooperação social.
O corpus selecionado inclui discursos orais e escritos de representantes do governo e de instituições públicas, emitidos em momentos críticos da pandemia (início, picos de contágio e fases de desconfinamento). A análise qualitativa incide sobre a identificação das diretivas, das estratégias de delicadeza linguística, bem como sobre os efeitos perlocutórios potenciais na receção e adesão da população. Os resultados evidenciam a coexistência de discursos mais impositivos, centrados na autoridade e no controlo social, com discursos orientados para a cooperação, marcados pela mitigação linguística e pelo apelo à responsabilidade coletiva. Verifica-se uma adaptação das estratégias discursivas ao longo da evolução da crise, acompanhando as mudanças no contexto epidemiológico e social.
O presente estudo está ancorado numa multiplicidade de correntes de análise da Linguística do Discurso que estudam o discurso ideológico e o modo como ele se concretiza nas práticas discursivas.
This dissertation analyses institutional discourses produced in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the dynamics of power and cooperation expressed through language. Drawing on contributions from Linguistic Pragmatics and Discourse Linguistics, the study centres on the use of directives – orders, recommendations, and advice – and their communicative implications in crisis contexts. Based on Speech Act Theory, as proposed by Austin (1962; 1989) and Searle (1969; 1979), and the notion of linguistic politeness developed by Brown and Levinson (1978; 1987), we seek to understand how the linguistic choices of public authorities reflect and shape the relationships between institutional power and social cooperation. The selected corpus includes oral and written discourses delivered by government representatives and public institutions, issued during critical moments of the pandemic (beginning, peaks of contagion, and reopening phases). The qualitative analysis focuses on identifying directives, linguistic politeness strategies, and potential perlocutionary effects on the population’s reception and compliance. The findings reveal the coexistence of more imposing discourses, centred on authority and social control, with discourses oriented towards cooperation, marked by linguistic mitigation and an appeal to collective responsibility. Results also indicate an adaptation of discursive strategies throughout the evolution of the crisis, in line with changing epidemiological and social contexts. This study is anchored in a multiplicity of Discourse Analysis approaches that examine ideological discourse and how it is embodied in discursive practices.
This dissertation analyses institutional discourses produced in Portugal during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the dynamics of power and cooperation expressed through language. Drawing on contributions from Linguistic Pragmatics and Discourse Linguistics, the study centres on the use of directives – orders, recommendations, and advice – and their communicative implications in crisis contexts. Based on Speech Act Theory, as proposed by Austin (1962; 1989) and Searle (1969; 1979), and the notion of linguistic politeness developed by Brown and Levinson (1978; 1987), we seek to understand how the linguistic choices of public authorities reflect and shape the relationships between institutional power and social cooperation. The selected corpus includes oral and written discourses delivered by government representatives and public institutions, issued during critical moments of the pandemic (beginning, peaks of contagion, and reopening phases). The qualitative analysis focuses on identifying directives, linguistic politeness strategies, and potential perlocutionary effects on the population’s reception and compliance. The findings reveal the coexistence of more imposing discourses, centred on authority and social control, with discourses oriented towards cooperation, marked by linguistic mitigation and an appeal to collective responsibility. Results also indicate an adaptation of discursive strategies throughout the evolution of the crisis, in line with changing epidemiological and social contexts. This study is anchored in a multiplicity of Discourse Analysis approaches that examine ideological discourse and how it is embodied in discursive practices.
Descrição
Tese de Mestrado em Estudos Portugueses Multidisciplinares, apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Palavras-chave
Estratégias discursivas Atos de fala Delicadeza linguística Diretivas Mitigação Discursive strategies Speech acts Linguistic politeness Directives Mitigation