Loading...
Publication
Filme e hipervídeo : um retrato polifónico da geração dos Capelinhos a partir da emigração e regresso
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 19.01 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os Açorianos nascem nas suas ilhas marcados pela inevitabilidade da
partida: “Nascemos já preparados para a partida”, dizem-nos na ilha de S.
Jorge. Sismos, dificuldades económicas, escassez de terra estão na origem desta circunstância. A geografia a sobrepor-se à história, como sublinhava Vitorino Nemésio.
Uma fatalidade na partida que tem associada a ideia de regresso. Partida
e regresso fazem parte das narrativas açorianas no romance, no conto ou
na música. Uma vez na diáspora, o regresso (ou o desejo de regressar)
permanece. “Ricos ou desiludidos pretendem voltar. O ideal do Açoriano é
formar lá um pecúlio e vir depois gozá-lo na sua ilha querida”, diz-nos
mestre Leite de Vasconcelos depois de uma saudosa visita às ilhas em
1926.
Muito frequentemente, o regresso acaba por não se concretizar, principalmente por razões familiares. Um conflito que a expressão “minha
terra minha dor, meu filho meu amor” bem expressa.
Os processos migratórios originam sempre novos territórios culturais,
desde logo pela desterritorialização (perda da relação natural com o
território cultural de origem). A adaptação cultural que ela obriga
desencadeia fenómenos de reterritorialização ou, por outras palavras,
processos de adaptação a novos territórios, originando novas ilhas
açorianas em terras da América. O arquipélago prolonga-se para lá da
ilha do Corvo. Outras ilhas existem mais a ocidente.
Este estudo centra-se na questão do regresso a partir da vaga migratória
dos Capelinhos, nome com que ficou conhecida a geração que emigrou
na sequência da erupção dos Capelinhos, em 1957, e que está hoje na
idade de reforma e, por isso, com possibilidade de voltar. Com uma
permanência longa, de várias décadas, em terras novas, as suas raízes
estão divididas entre a terra onde nasceram e onde se encontram as suas
memórias de infância, e a Califórnia, onde viveram vidas ativas e onde
nasceram os filhos e os netos. “A terra dos nossos filhos é também a
nossa terra”, dizem-nos em S. José (Califórnia). A terra velha terá ficado
para trás.
O texto apresentado será, nos aspetos essenciais, intencionalmente
multidiscursivo e polifónico (múltiplas vozes), tomando caraterísticas
diferentes que passarão pela etnohistória, narrativas pessoais biográficas,
descrições pormenorizadas da vida quotidiana de famílias, com o
propósito de apresentar um texto que pretendemos seja uma alegoria
sobre o regresso (allegoria, de allos “outro” + agoria “discurso”).
Refletiremos também sobre o contributo e as especificidades de um
trabalho de observação mediado por câmara e sobre o contributo do filme
etnográfico e do hipervídeo enquanto discursos narrativos que concorrem
com o texto para a compreensão do regresso e da Açorianidade.
Apresentaremos seis casos de estudo (seis famílias), que foram objeto de
acompanhamento durante dois meses de trabalho de campo em S. Jorge
(Açores) e nove meses em S. José (Califórnia). Com este trabalho, que
inclui a produção de um documentário e de um hipervídeo, estudámos o
modo como o desejo de regressar é vivenciado nos quotidianos,
acrescentando conteúdos para um retrato polifónico do regresso, que
pretenderá juntar-se a um álbum de outros retratos sobre a Açorianidade.
A escrita, o audiovisual, o hipervídeo não são, pois, discursos e narrativas
separados mas resultam numa cultura de convergência dos média e dos
conteúdos.
Azoreans are born onto their islands marked by the inevitability of departure: "We are born prepared for departure" we are told on the island of S. Jorge. Earthquakes, economic difficulties, shortage of land are the source of this condition. The geography overlaps history as is stressed Vitorino Nemésio. One outcome of any departure is that it is often associated with the idea of return. Departure and return are a part of Azorean narratives, be it in novels, short story or in music. Once in the diaspora, return or the desire to do so will persevere. “Rich or disillusioned, they intend to return. The Azorean ideal is to save up and return, in order to enjoy it on their beloved island”, says Leite Vasconcelos, after a heartfelt visit to the islands in 1926. More often then not, however, the definite return does not materialize, owed primarily for family reasons. A sentiment well expressed in the saying: “my land my pain, my son my love”. Migration processes ultimately originate new cultural territories, brought about by deterritorialization (loss of a natural relationship with the cultural territory of origin). The forced cultural brings about a phenomena of reterritorialization, or, in other words, a processes of adaptation to new territory, leading to the creation of ‘new Azorean islands’ on the American landscape. The archipelago extends beyond the islands of Flores and Corvo. This study focuses on issues of return, focusing on the Capelinhos migration wave, the name given to the generation of emigrants that departed following the eruption of the Capelinhos volcano in 1957 and who, today, are of retirement age and, therefore, could hold the possibility of returning. With their prolonged stay, now ranging several decades, in ‘the new land’, their roots are divided by the land where they were born and where their childhood memories are implanted, and California where they lived out their active lives and where their children and grandchildren were born. “The land of our children is also our land”, we are told in San Jose (California). The old country has been left behind. The text to be presented will be on these essential aspects, intentionally multi-discursive and polyphonic (multiple voiced) taking into consideration different characteristics that will include ethno-histories, personal biographical narratives, detailed descriptions of daily family life, this with the purpose of presenting a written account aimed to be an allegory on return (allegoria, from allos 'other' + agoria 'speaking'). We will additionally reflect on the contribution and specificities garnished through observation fieldwork mediated by video camera relying on the contribution of ethnographic film and hypervideo as narrative discourse methods that while accompany the text for a richer understanding of return and the Azoreaness. We present six case studies (six families) who were the object of fieldwork observation for a period of two months on the island of S. Jorge (Azores) and nine months in San Jose (California). With this study, which additionally includes the production of a documentary and hypervideo, we observe how the desire to return is experienced on a daily basis, adding content to a polyphonic portrait of return with the aim of putting together an album of portraits on Azoreaness.
Azoreans are born onto their islands marked by the inevitability of departure: "We are born prepared for departure" we are told on the island of S. Jorge. Earthquakes, economic difficulties, shortage of land are the source of this condition. The geography overlaps history as is stressed Vitorino Nemésio. One outcome of any departure is that it is often associated with the idea of return. Departure and return are a part of Azorean narratives, be it in novels, short story or in music. Once in the diaspora, return or the desire to do so will persevere. “Rich or disillusioned, they intend to return. The Azorean ideal is to save up and return, in order to enjoy it on their beloved island”, says Leite Vasconcelos, after a heartfelt visit to the islands in 1926. More often then not, however, the definite return does not materialize, owed primarily for family reasons. A sentiment well expressed in the saying: “my land my pain, my son my love”. Migration processes ultimately originate new cultural territories, brought about by deterritorialization (loss of a natural relationship with the cultural territory of origin). The forced cultural brings about a phenomena of reterritorialization, or, in other words, a processes of adaptation to new territory, leading to the creation of ‘new Azorean islands’ on the American landscape. The archipelago extends beyond the islands of Flores and Corvo. This study focuses on issues of return, focusing on the Capelinhos migration wave, the name given to the generation of emigrants that departed following the eruption of the Capelinhos volcano in 1957 and who, today, are of retirement age and, therefore, could hold the possibility of returning. With their prolonged stay, now ranging several decades, in ‘the new land’, their roots are divided by the land where they were born and where their childhood memories are implanted, and California where they lived out their active lives and where their children and grandchildren were born. “The land of our children is also our land”, we are told in San Jose (California). The old country has been left behind. The text to be presented will be on these essential aspects, intentionally multi-discursive and polyphonic (multiple voiced) taking into consideration different characteristics that will include ethno-histories, personal biographical narratives, detailed descriptions of daily family life, this with the purpose of presenting a written account aimed to be an allegory on return (allegoria, from allos 'other' + agoria 'speaking'). We will additionally reflect on the contribution and specificities garnished through observation fieldwork mediated by video camera relying on the contribution of ethnographic film and hypervideo as narrative discourse methods that while accompany the text for a richer understanding of return and the Azoreaness. We present six case studies (six families) who were the object of fieldwork observation for a period of two months on the island of S. Jorge (Azores) and nine months in San Jose (California). With this study, which additionally includes the production of a documentary and hypervideo, we observe how the desire to return is experienced on a daily basis, adding content to a polyphonic portrait of return with the aim of putting together an album of portraits on Azoreaness.
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Antropologia na especialidade de Antropologia Visual apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Sociologia das migrações Emigração portuguesa Regresso Diáspora Antropologia visual Família Filmes etnográficos Estudo de casos Açores Estados Unidos da América Azoreaness Emigration Return Diaspora Capelinhos generation Narrative strategies Ethnographic film Hypervideo Participation observation Intertextuality Polyphonic text Polyphonic portrait
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Saraiva, António João - Filme e hipervídeo [Em linha] : um retrato polifónico da geração dos Capelinhos a partir da emigração e regresso. [Lisboa] : [s.n.], 2013. 385 p.