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Educação a distância, educação aberta e inclusão: dos modelos transmissivos às práticas abertas
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Abstract(s)
Partindo do princípio de base da democratização do conhecimento e acesso ao saber, subjacente à educação a distância, procura-se neste texto situar a conceção de educação em geral e dos seus modelos, no contexto histórico, económico e social em que se desenvolvem, contrapondo as necessidades da sociedade industrial com as que emergem na atual sociedade em rede. Aborda-se depois o papel específico da educação a distância (EaD) e detém-se na evolução destes sistemas e dos seus modelos pedagógicos, decorrentes da inovação tecnológica, referindo em particular o caso da Universidade Aberta portuguesa (UAb). Em seguida aborda-se o conceito de educação aberta, que vai mais além que o de educação a distância e ao qual se associam conceitos e práticas como a dos recursos educacionais abertos (REA), práticas educacionais abertas (PEA) e ambientes pessoais de aprendizagem (APA), fundamentais no desenvolvimento e amadurecimento quer da EaD quer da Educação Aberta. A concluir, reflete-se sobre o papel que a EaD e as evoluções que lhe estão associadas poderão ter na mudança de um paradigma de ensino transmissivo para o desenvolvimento de contextos de aprendizagem que privilegiem práticas abertas, participadas e transformadoras. Práticas que propiciem o desenvolvimento de competências pertinentes para um mundo em constante mudança e que promovam, simultaneamente, a emancipação humana rumo a uma sociedade verdadeiramente aberta e inclusiva
Starting from the basic principle of the democratization of and access to knowledge, which underlies Distance Education and Open Education, we situate its theories and practices in the context of the economic, social and cultural changes that have been generated in the transition from industrial society to the digital and networked society. We then discuss the specific role of Distance Education (DE) and analyse the evolution of these systems and their pedagogical models, resulting from technological and pedagogical innovation, referring in particular to the case of the Portuguese Open University (UAb). We then approach the concept of Open Education (OE), which goes beyond the concept of Distance Education and which is associated with concepts and practices such as Open Educational Resources (OER), Open Educational Practices (OEP) and Personal Learning Environments (PLE), which are fundamental in the development and maturation of both Distance Education and Open Education. To conclude, we reflect on the role that Distance Education and its related developments may have on the change from a transmissive teaching paradigm to the development of learning contexts that provide open, participatory and transformative practices. Practices conducive to the development of relevant skills to a changing world while simultaneously promote human emancipation towards a truly open and inclusive society.
Starting from the basic principle of the democratization of and access to knowledge, which underlies Distance Education and Open Education, we situate its theories and practices in the context of the economic, social and cultural changes that have been generated in the transition from industrial society to the digital and networked society. We then discuss the specific role of Distance Education (DE) and analyse the evolution of these systems and their pedagogical models, resulting from technological and pedagogical innovation, referring in particular to the case of the Portuguese Open University (UAb). We then approach the concept of Open Education (OE), which goes beyond the concept of Distance Education and which is associated with concepts and practices such as Open Educational Resources (OER), Open Educational Practices (OEP) and Personal Learning Environments (PLE), which are fundamental in the development and maturation of both Distance Education and Open Education. To conclude, we reflect on the role that Distance Education and its related developments may have on the change from a transmissive teaching paradigm to the development of learning contexts that provide open, participatory and transformative practices. Practices conducive to the development of relevant skills to a changing world while simultaneously promote human emancipation towards a truly open and inclusive society.
Description
Keywords
Educação a distância Educação aberta Recursos educacionais abertos Práticas educacionais abertas Ambientes pessoais de aprendizagem Distance education Open education Open educational resources Open educational practices Personal learning environments
Citation
Amante, L., Quintas-Mendes, A. (2018). Educação a distância, educação aberta e inclusão - dos modelos transmissivos às práticas abertas, Inclusão Social, 10 (1), 49-65.