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Representações do lado sombrio (Dark exoticism) da cultura chinesa em Macau: 1850-1915. Alteridade, interculturalidade e construções do corpo
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Abstract(s)
O fenómeno representativo do exotismo numa vertente sombria (dark exoticism) no século XIX encontra-se presente na grande maioria das narrativas ocidentais/europeias sobre a China, assim como nas representações visuais através de fotografias, gravuras, desenhos. É no século XIX que ocorrem os (des) encontros mais fluidos entre ocidentais/asiáticos, com a permanência de grande parte das potências europeias em território sínico; é também neste século e nos começos do século XX que a China, bastante debilitada pelas Guerras do Ópio, pelas rebeliões constantes ao poder manchu, entre outras ocorrências, se expõe mais à modernidade ocidental e deixa antever as abissais diferenças a vários níveis, nomeadamente o da medicina e o próprio procedimento penal com a pena de morte por decapitação e por leng chi (esquartejamento). Este projecto de investigação visa particularmente a produção de 1850 a 1915 - que corresponde às balizas cronológicas das fontes escritas e visuais, produzidas localmente em Macau e sobre a China na generalidade – recolher, descrever, analisar e interpretar representações acerca do sistema judicial/penal chinês, assim como desconstruir representações corporais, particularmente nas fontes de carácter visual, que permitam identificá-las com a vertente sombria do exotismo à luz da modernidade. De
igual modo pretende discutir e reflectir sobre o conceito de exotismo/exótico e extirpá-lo da reputação que foi ganhando pela e durante a modernidade, inequivocamente associado ao imperialismo/colonialismo europeu em que o discurso do exotismo – como uma construção social de alteridade - permitiu a supremacia económica, militar e política da Europa, acompanhado pela modernidade e conceitos/ideologias de progresso e permitindo representações e discursos de diferença no sentido da inferiorização do Outro.
A investigação conduziu, não só aos vários exotismos internos/externos, às performances penais de castigo e morte como também ao mise en scène que permite desvelar um exotismo de retorno, pelo que o fenómeno do exotismo é pluridireccional e entendido como tal pelos asiáticos.
In the 19th century, the phenomenon representing exoticism in its most dark aspects (dark exoticism) presented itself in the vast majority of Western/European narratives about China, as well as in visual representations through photographs, engravings, drawings. It is in this century and also at the dawn of the 20th century that the most fluid (dis)encounters between Westerners/Asians take place, with the permanence of most European powers in Chinese territory. China, greatly weakened by the Opium Wars by the constant rebellions against the Manchu power, among other occurrences, is much more exposed to Western Modernity; that allows us to foresee the abyssal differences at various levels, namely that of medicine and the criminal procedure related to the death penalty by decapitation and by leng chi (body quartering). Thus, this project aims to study some of the written and visual sources produced in Macau and China from 1850 to 1915, and to collect, describe, analyze and interpret the Chinese judicial/criminal systems representations. Its target is also to deconstruct bodily representations, particularly in visual sources, allowing to be identified with the darker side of exoticism in the light of Modernity. This project aims to discuss and rehabilitate the concept of exoticism and remove it from the notorious stigma gained by and during Modernity. This reputation, which is unequivocally associated with European imperialism/colonialism in which the discourse of exoticism - as a social construction of alterity - allowed the economic, military, and political supremacy of Europe, accompanied by Modernity and concepts/ideologies of progress and allowing for representations and discourses of difference in the sense of the inferiority of the Other. The research led not only to the various internal/external exoticisms, the penal performances of punishment and death, but also to the mise en scène that allow us to unveil an exoticism of return, so that the phenomenon of exoticism is multidirectional and understood as such by Asians.
In the 19th century, the phenomenon representing exoticism in its most dark aspects (dark exoticism) presented itself in the vast majority of Western/European narratives about China, as well as in visual representations through photographs, engravings, drawings. It is in this century and also at the dawn of the 20th century that the most fluid (dis)encounters between Westerners/Asians take place, with the permanence of most European powers in Chinese territory. China, greatly weakened by the Opium Wars by the constant rebellions against the Manchu power, among other occurrences, is much more exposed to Western Modernity; that allows us to foresee the abyssal differences at various levels, namely that of medicine and the criminal procedure related to the death penalty by decapitation and by leng chi (body quartering). Thus, this project aims to study some of the written and visual sources produced in Macau and China from 1850 to 1915, and to collect, describe, analyze and interpret the Chinese judicial/criminal systems representations. Its target is also to deconstruct bodily representations, particularly in visual sources, allowing to be identified with the darker side of exoticism in the light of Modernity. This project aims to discuss and rehabilitate the concept of exoticism and remove it from the notorious stigma gained by and during Modernity. This reputation, which is unequivocally associated with European imperialism/colonialism in which the discourse of exoticism - as a social construction of alterity - allowed the economic, military, and political supremacy of Europe, accompanied by Modernity and concepts/ideologies of progress and allowing for representations and discourses of difference in the sense of the inferiority of the Other. The research led not only to the various internal/external exoticisms, the penal performances of punishment and death, but also to the mise en scène that allow us to unveil an exoticism of return, so that the phenomenon of exoticism is multidirectional and understood as such by Asians.
Description
Keywords
Exotismo Dark exoticism Cultura chinesa Punição Corpo Diferença Interculturalidade Alteridade Representações sociais Macau Dark exoticism Chinese culture Punishment Body Difference Interculturality Otherness Social representations Exoticism
Citation
Santos, Anabela Leandro dos - Representações do lado sombrio (Dark exoticism) da cultura chinesa em Macau [Em linha]: 1850-1915. Alteridade, interculturalidade e construções do corpo. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2024. 301 p.