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O povoado calcolítico fortificado do Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra) : resultados das escavações efectuadas em 2005
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Abstract(s)
Apresentam-se os resultados da primeira campanha de escavações realizada no povoado pré-histórico de Outeiro Redondo, Sesimbra, em 2005, ao abrigo de um Projecto de Investigação superiormente aprovado e financiado pelo Instituto Português de Arqueologia e dirigido pelo signatário. Os trabalhos realizados vieram demonstrar a alta importância científica e patrimonial desta estação arqueológica, tanto ao nível das estruturas encontradas, como da estratigrafia, cujo significado cronológico-cultural, por seu turno, foi determinado tendo presente o rico registo arqueológico correspondente. Com efeito, identificou-se dispositivo defensivo constituído pelo menos por um circuito muralhado, em torno da acrópole rochosa, que coroa a elevação, constituído por um pano de muralha e um bastião avançado, funcionando como a barbacã, o qual flanqueia uma entrada bem definida. A sua construção remonta a fase já avançada do Calcolítico pleno da Estremadura, tendo presente que o conjunto edificado assenta em camada com materiais característicos desta fase cultural (Camada 2). Esta constatação é de grande interesse, tendo presente que, em geral, a construção destas fortificações é atribuída a fases anteriores, do Calcolítico inicial, como se verificou em Leceia, entre outros casos. Por outro lado, a vida útil da fortificação foi muito reduzida, talvez de escassas dezenas de anos, visto não se terem encontrado materiais ulteriores à referida fase cultural, exceptuando talvez dois fragmentos de vasos campaniformes de tipo “marítimo” recolhidos na Camada 1.Os níveis pré-fortificação, pertencentes ao Calcolítico pleno (Camada 2) e ao Calcolítico inicial (Camada 3) atingem, no total, a potência máxima de cerca de 1,20 m, e encerram um rico e diversificado espólio arqueológico, integralmente desenhado (exceptuando as cerâmicas lisas), no qual se apoiou a sequência cultural proposta, especialmente o grupo constituído pela olaria decorada. Do conjunto exumado fazem parte peças de sílex, cobre e anfibolito, matérias-primas com origens diversificadas e que demonstram a pujança económica das populações que, no decurso do Calcolítico, se sediaram no topo do cabeço.
In this study we present the results of the first excavation campaign performed in the chalcolithic fortification of Sesimbra, in 2005, under the sponsorship of a Research Project approved and funded by the Instituto Português de Arqueologia, directed by the author. The works undertaken demonstrated the scientific importance of this archeological site, in what concerns the structures found, related with a well preserved stratigraphic sequence, whose chrono-cultural meaning was determined using the rich archeological. A defensive structure was identified, composed of at least one fortified circuit, around the rocky acropole that crowns the elevation constituted by a wall and a bastion, aside a well defined entrance. It dates from a late phase of the Middle Calcolithic of Estremadura, considering the structure is over a layer of materials characteristic of this period (Layer 2). This observation is of great interest if one remembers that in general the construction of such fortifications is considered to occur in the Earlier Calcolithic, as it was the case in Leceia, among other examples. On the other hand, the life of the fortification was very reduced, may be just a few decades, because no materials ulterior to this cultural phase were found, except two fragments of campaniform pottery of the maritime type collected in Layer 1The pre-fortification layers from the Middle Calcolitic (Layer 2) and Early Calcolithic (Layer 3) reached the maximum development of 1.2 m and included a rich and diversified archeological data, totally drawned (except for the non-decorated pottery) upon which the proposed cultural sequence was based, especially on the group of decorated pottery. The archaeological remains obtained also included artifacts of flint, copper and amphibolite, from various origins, demonstrating the economic welfare of the populations that, during the Calcolithic, inhabit the top of the hill.
In this study we present the results of the first excavation campaign performed in the chalcolithic fortification of Sesimbra, in 2005, under the sponsorship of a Research Project approved and funded by the Instituto Português de Arqueologia, directed by the author. The works undertaken demonstrated the scientific importance of this archeological site, in what concerns the structures found, related with a well preserved stratigraphic sequence, whose chrono-cultural meaning was determined using the rich archeological. A defensive structure was identified, composed of at least one fortified circuit, around the rocky acropole that crowns the elevation constituted by a wall and a bastion, aside a well defined entrance. It dates from a late phase of the Middle Calcolithic of Estremadura, considering the structure is over a layer of materials characteristic of this period (Layer 2). This observation is of great interest if one remembers that in general the construction of such fortifications is considered to occur in the Earlier Calcolithic, as it was the case in Leceia, among other examples. On the other hand, the life of the fortification was very reduced, may be just a few decades, because no materials ulterior to this cultural phase were found, except two fragments of campaniform pottery of the maritime type collected in Layer 1The pre-fortification layers from the Middle Calcolitic (Layer 2) and Early Calcolithic (Layer 3) reached the maximum development of 1.2 m and included a rich and diversified archeological data, totally drawned (except for the non-decorated pottery) upon which the proposed cultural sequence was based, especially on the group of decorated pottery. The archaeological remains obtained also included artifacts of flint, copper and amphibolite, from various origins, demonstrating the economic welfare of the populations that, during the Calcolithic, inhabit the top of the hill.
Description
Actas do Colóquio Internacional realizado em Cascais de 4-7 de Outubro de 2005
Keywords
Arqueologia Pré-história Calcolítico Escavações arqueológicas Sesimbra
Citation
Cardoso, João Luís - O povoado calcolítico fortificado do Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra) : resultados das escavações efectuadas em 2005. In Colóquio Internacional, Cascais, 2005 - "Transformação e Mudança no Centro e Sul de Portugal [Em linha] : o 4º e o 3º milénios a.n.e. : actas". Editado por Victor S. Gonçalves e Ana Catarina Sousa. Cascais: Câmara Minicipal, 2010. ISBN 978-972-637-000-0. Vol. 2. p. 97-129