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- A estação do neolítico antigo da Encosta de Sant’Ana (Lisboa): resultados das campanhas de escavação de 2004 a 2006Publication . Leitão, Vasco; Cardoso, João Luís; Martins, FilipeThe results of the excavations carried out between 2004 and 2006 at the Encosta de Sant´ Ana located in the Historic Center of Lisbon are presented. The formation of the respective stratigraphic sequence was characterized and all the collected remains were thoroughly studied, analyzing the respective distribution among the excavated areas and their potential relationship with the identified archaeological structures. The absolute chronology was determined by two radiocarbon AMS analysis, which situate this occupation in the Early evolved Neolithic in the transition from the 6th to the 5th millennium BC, allowed the establishment of comparisons with several sites of similar chronology, located in the region surrounding the Tagus estuary. For the archaeological structures identified; for the safe stratigraphy that made it possible to consider the recovered remains as constituting complete and closed sets, of great importance both in diversity and in the number of artefacts; and also due to the absolute chronology strictly determined by two AMS dating of bone samples from the terrestrial biosphere, the Encosta de Sant’ Ana site assumes itself as one of the most relevant sites of the Early Neolithic published so far in Portuguese territory.
- A Encosta de Sant’ana no quadro da economia alimentar do Neolítico Antigo da Península de LisboaPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Martins, Filipe; Leitão, VascoWe studied the mammal remains recovered from the Early Neolithic settlement of Encosta de Sant’Ana (Lisbon), with important housing structures and abundant archaeological materials, whose absolute chronology lies in the transition from the 6th to the 5th millennium BC. The diversity of exploited and produced resources was observed, represented, in descending order of the number of remains identified, by the rabbit, followed by the pig/wild boar, the deer and probably the aurochs, in terms of wild species; and for pigs, caprines (sheep and goats), and dogs, in terms of domestic species. The characteristics identified of the food economy, allowing the comparison made with the scarce results available for other archaeological sites of the same period known in the Lisbon Peninsula.
- Early Neolithic settlement and graves in Lisbon’s Historic CentrePublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Martins, FilipeIn recent years, information regarding the human presence during the Early Neolithic period in the Historic Center of Lisbon has increased, as a result of numerous preventive archaeological excavations carried out within the scope of mitigating impacts resulting from the recovery of old buildings or the construction of new ones. Such work, carried out by several Archeology companies that have worked in areas considered to be of greatest archaeological sensitivity within the city of Lisbon, have led to results of exceptional relevance for the knowledge of the first producing societies that occupied this territory from the last quarter of the 6th millennium BC. Thus, not only large settlements were identified, such as Encosta de Sant’Ana and Bairro Alto, integrating several loci, such as Palácio Ludovice. The first structured graves known in Portuguese territory at this time were also identified, in close association with the inhabited spaces, corresponding to individual depositions in the fetal position carried out at the bottom of small graves excavated in the geological substrate. The importance of these discoveries justified the presentation of this synthesis, which summarizes all the information published to date.
- Remontagens de um conjunto de núcleos de sílex do Neolítico Antigo do povoado da Encosta de Sant’Ana (Lisboa)Publication . Leitão, Vasco; Martins, Filipe; Cardoso, João LuísA lithic assemblage is studied, composed of dozens of flint flakes recovered “in situ”, accumulated in a small pit excavated in the sandy soil and associated with a fire structure,of the Early Neolithic occupation of the site, dated to the transition from the 6th to the 5th millennium BC. When subjecting the recovered lithic assemblage to the reassembly method, it was found that it included several primary blocks, from which the chips were obtained, soon afterwards stored in the place where they were found. The blocks show exposure to fire of varying intensity, sometimes very strong, revealing the pre-heat treatment technique present in the region in other sites from the same period, indicating the existence of a specialized functional area in the domestic space. Due to the petrographic nature of the flint, along with the morphological characteristics of the flakes and reassembled blocks, an attempt was made to identify the origin of the raw material and recognize the preparation technique adopted. It was the first time that in Portugal, for a post-Paleolithic chronology it was possible to achieve this objective, supported by the exceptional nature of the find.
- El final de un camino: las primeras hoces neolíticas documentadas en yacimientos portuguesesPublication . Gibaja, Juan F.; Carvalho, António Faustino; Cardoso, João Luis; Martins, FilipePocas son las evidencias de agricultura vinculadas a las primeras ocupaciones neolíticas de Portugal. De hecho, la escasa conservación de restos carpológicos no ha facilitado conocer la realidad de las prácticas agrícolas en relación con las especies explotadas. En este contexto, han surgido dudas sobre el papel que esta actividad tenía entre las primeras comunidades agricultoras y pastoras. En este artículo hemos abordado el estudio de cinco asentamientos del Neolítico Antiguo con el objetivo de documentar la existencia o no de útiles tallados empleados como hoces. Los resultados confirman el uso de estos instrumentos durante este periodo y su similitud con los hallados en otros yacimientos peninsulares.