História, Arqueologia e Património | Artigos em revistas nacionais / Papers in national journals
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Browsing História, Arqueologia e Património | Artigos em revistas nacionais / Papers in national journals by Field of Science and Technology (FOS) "Humanidades::História e Arqueologia"
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- A arqueologia no Museu Geológico do LNEG – LisboaPublication . Cardoso, João LuísThe archaeological activity of the current National Energy and Geology Laboratory (LNEG), the legitimate heir to a long and prestigious scientific tradition, dates back to 1857, the year in which the 2nd Geological Commission of Portugal was founded. From the very beginning, it took on the research of one of the most controversial issues that filled the debates of scientific societies throughout the second half of the 19th century: the demonstration of the antiquity of the human species, which was then one of the main concerns of Western science. Today, in addition to the explanatory news of the Geological Map of Portugal at a scale of 1/50,000, where archaeology continues to be represented, the Institution's activity in the field of Archaeology continues to be relevant, supporting the research work carried out at the Museum, which continues to be highly sought after by national and foreign specialists, as well as by students at various levels of education and the general public.
- Um caso de estudo na pré-história da cidade de Lisboa: o celeiro da Travessa das Dores e os campos de cultivo do Rio SecoPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Neto, Nuno; Rebelo, PauloThe Neo-Chalcolithic site of Travessa das Dores is the first to be recognised in the urban area of Lisbon with prehistoric storage and defence structures, closely interconnected, constituting without doubt the most important vestige of the settlement of that period studied to date. To increase the scientific importance of this site, a large adjacent area, called Rio Seco, was identified and excavated a few years later, in which, among others, several large dry stone walls were identified, some rectilinear, others arched, indicating the existence of boundary walls or supporting walls for agricultural plots, whose presence is justified by the basaltic soils present locally, of high agricultural suitability. Therefore, while Travessa das Dores was the storage site, Rio Seco was the site of the respective agricultural productions, thus constituting evidence, until now unknown in portuguese and even international archaeology, of the direct relationship between these two realities, relating to a single prehistoric community, based there in the transition from the fourth to the third millennium BC.
- Castelos pré-históricos no Baixo Tejo e no Litoral Atlântico: consequências da intensificação económica e da competição social do 3.º milénio a.C.Publication . Cardoso, João LuísIn Estremadura, there are three major Chalcolithic fortified settlements, which are also those that have been studied for the longest time. Although they adopted common architectural solutions, they evolved independently, starting with the need to adapt to the natural geomorphological conditions prevailing in each case. Leceia, Zambujal and Vila Nova de São Pedro are clear examples of how, in Lower Estremadura, during the Chalcolithic, the traditional concepts of “fortification”, “interaction” and “economic intensification” were strongly interdependent: although there could be interaction and economic intensification without fortification, the reverse does not seem possible for the period and region in question, as clearly is provd by the archaeological evidence.
- Os dois episódios de utilização da anta do Alto da Feteira (Pombal, Leiria) e o Megalitismo no litoral‑centro do território português, entre o Neolítico Médio e o Neolítico FinalPublication . Cardoso, João Luís; Andrade, Marco AntónioThe dolmen of Alto da Feteira (municipality of Pombal, district of Leiria) corresponds to a megalithic tomb built using local limestone slabs, identified and excavated in the 1960s by Luís de Albuquerque e Castro and Octávio da Veiga Ferreira, having provided a votive set indicating two probable use phases: a first one, relating to the Middle Neolithic, characterized by the presence of geometric armatures, small unretouched flint blades and bladelets, bracelets on Glycymeris valve and probably polished stone tools in sillimanite; a second one, already related to the Late Neolithic (which may extend to the Early Chalcolithic), characterized by the presence of arrowheads, halberds, large retouched flint blades, pottery (including carinated bowls), sandstone and greywacke plaques and adornment elements (including bone pins with channelled head and «green stone» and lignite beads). For this last phase, radiocarbon dating is available, centred on the last third of the 4th millennium BC (median probability: 3210 cal BCE 2σ; mean: 3243 cal BCE 2σ). This paper intends to present the integrated study of this monument, describing two use moments immediately succeeding in Time, framing it in the context of Megalithism in the coastal centre of the Portuguese territory (between the northern edges of the Estremadura Limestone Massif and the lower course of the Mondego River), and in the evolutionary levels of the megalithic phenomenon in Western Iberia, between the Middle Neolithic and the Late Neolithic.
- «Estradas que caminham»: o Rio Tejo, palco de encontros no ano mil antes de CristoPublication . Vilaça, Raquel; Cardoso, João LuísFrom the border, when it enters Portuguese territory, to the estuary area, the Tagus is approximately 230 km long. Upstream, in its international stretch, it is a river that runs narrowly and embedded in the plateaus of the Hesperic Massif, while downstream, after the mouth of the Zêzere, it becomes a plain river, entering the Cenozoic Basin and ending in a wide inland estuary near Lisbon. For the period in question, between the 13th and 9th centuries BC, the characteristics of the river were different: the ancient Tagus estuary was wider and deeper, as a result of less silting, which began in Mesolithic times and has not stopped until today. The communities, fully hierarchical and through their elites, established contacts, traveled, produced and exchanged goods of various natures, which circulated between sometimes very distant regions. It is in this particular case that it makes perfect sense to look at the river as a true “road that walks”.
- Estruturas de combustão identificadas no povoado pré-histórico de Leceia (Oeiras)Publication . Cardoso, João LuísAll combustion structures identified in the prehistoric settlement of Leceia (Oeiras) are inventoried, distributed across a vast chronology corresponding to the Late Neolithic (ca. 3400-2900 BC), the Early Chalcolithic (ca. 2800-2500 BC) and the Full/Late Chalcolithic. (ca. 2500-2000 BC). The remarkable number of identified combustion structures, which reaches twenty-five, despite the general analogy between them, which is explained by the similarity of functions, allowed the identification of eight variants, duly characterized. This is the first contribution dedicated to the systematic study of combustion structures existing in a large prehistoric settlement in Portuguese territory.
- Exposições de arqueologia da Fábrica da Pólvora de Barcarena. Centro de Estudos Arqueológicos do Concelho de Oeiras/Câmara Municipal de OeirasPublication . Cardoso, João LuísThe archaeological exhibitions open to the public at the Barcarena Gunpowder Factory, managed by the Oeiras Municipality Archaeological Studies Centre/Oeiras Municipal Council (CEACO/CMO), illustrate the past of human occupation of the current territory of Oeiras, based on material remains recovered from excavations carried out under the auspices of CEACO.
- Gruta artificial de S. Paulo II (Almada)Publication . Cardoso, João Luís; Martins, Filipe; Soares, AntónioExcavations carried out under the auspices of the Almada City Council, between 1989 and 1991 in the churchyard of S. Paulo, within the urban area of the city of Almada, led to the identification of what remains of an artificial cave, excavated in carbonate sediments of the Miocene, of which the burial chamber and a small section of the corridor adjacent to it were completely explored. The excavations led to the collection of a copious archaeological collection, associated with around 250 burials, carried out there throughout almost the entire 3rd millennium BC, whose broad diachrony is confirmed by the radiocarbon dating carried out and by the typology of the archaeological materials, which remained to be studied. Unfortunately, the intense disturbances produced in the cave at different times, which reached its totality, since perhaps the Iron Age, and which saw notable additions in the modern and contemporary periods through the installation of a cemetery on the site, made the discussion of the results based on stratigraphy unfeasible. Based on the cross-referencing of information from the 22 radiocarbon dates carried out within the scope of this work on human left calcaneums, with the results of the study of the archaeological remains, preserved in the Museum of Almada, it was possible to conclude that the funerary use of the cave knew three distinct and well-characterized chrono-cultural phases. The first phase dates back to the end of the Late Neolithic, in the transition from the 4th to the 3rd millennium BC, being represented by only a unique deposition. The second phase of the cave’s funerary use covers the entire first half of the 3rd millennium BC, and includes an important set of vessels (cups and bowls), of excellent finish, displaying the typical fluted decoration, characteristic of the Early Chalcolithic of Estremadura. Finally, the third phase of prehistoric use of the cave, in clear continuity with the previous one, corresponds to almost the entire second half of the 3rd millennium BC, and is illustrated by the magnificent bell‑shaped ceramic productions recovered, which constitute one of the most remarkable sets published from Portuguese territory to date, both in terms of quantity and diversity and quality of productions.
- José Pires Gonçalves: um médico no “paraíso megalítico” de Reguengos de MonsarazPublication . Cardoso, João LuisArtigo dedicado à evocação de José Pires Gonçalves (1908-1984), médico de formação que dedicou boa parte do seu tempo à investigação da História e do Património artístico e arqueológico da região de Reguengos de Monsaraz. No plano da Arqueologia, a sua atenção centrou-se essencialmente nos menires, antas e cromeleques do Alentejo, num trabalho militante, esforçado, consequente e, sobretudo, desinteressado, a que José Pires Gonçalves se entregou de corpo e alma ao longo da sua vida.
- Lisboa pré-histórica: uma síntese da informação conhecida em 2020Publication . Sousa, Ana Catarina; Costeira, Catarina; Costa, Ana Maria; Van Calker, Daniel; Cardoso, João Luís; AntónioEste artigo resultou da fusão de duas comunicações distintas apresentadas na segunda sessão do ciclo de conferências Lisboa não é só Subterrânea — 25 anos depois de uma exposição, ocorrida no dia 4 de maio de 2019: «Depois de 1993: o que mudou na Pré-História de Lisboa», da autoria de um dos signatários (J. L. C.), e «Unir os pontos: uma abordagem geoespacial dos vestígios neolíticos e calcolíticos na cidade de Lisboa», da autoria dos restantes signatários.