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- A anta de Monte Serves (Vialonga, Vila Franca de Xira, Lisboa): arquitectura, cronologia e integração sócio‑cultural de um pequeno sepulcro megalíticoPublication . Andrade, Marco António; Cardoso, João Luís; Mataloto, Rui; Moita, Patrícia; Pereira, André; Pimenta, JoãoThe dolmen of Monte Serves, located in Vila Franca de Xira (Lisbon peninsula), corresponds to a small megalithic tomb with a trapezoidal plan built using limestone slabs. It was identified in 1972 by Octávio da Veiga Ferreira, being excavated that same year under the direction of Christopher Thomas North. In 2014, within the scope of the project MEGAGEO – Moving Megaliths in the Neolithic, this monument was the subject of new archaeological works, directed by Rui Boaventura and João Luís Cardoso, intending to define its specific architecture and the respective construction sequences, mainly regarding the Tumulus and the Atrium areas. Despite the practical absence of votive materials, it was possible to collect human osteological samples, thus allowing to perform radiocarbon dating – whose average result places at least one use episode of this tomb (not necessarily its first) in the transition from the first to the second quarter of the 3rd millennium BCE (median probability: 2706 cal BCE 2σ; mean: 2715 cal BCE 2σ). Indeed, this result differs greatly from the chronological framework established for this type of small tombs in Southwestern Iberia (mid‑4th millennium BCE), but is close to the chronology (relative and absolute) documented in the contiguous funerary contexts of Casal do Penedo and Verdelha dos Ruivos, as well as in the settlements of Moita da Ladra and Pedreira do Casal do Penedo, culturally included in the typical Chalcolithic of Portuguese Estremadura. This paper thus intends to present the results obtained with the excavation of this small tomb, in terms of its architecture and chronology, framing it within the socio‑cultural dynamics documented in Lower Extremadura during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic, mainly regarding the origin and development of the megalithic phenomenon.
- A necrópole da gruta da Verdelha dos Ruivos (Vila Franca de Xira) e a génese do Complexo Campaniforme na região da foz do Tejo (Portugal)Publication . Cardoso, João Luís; Leitão, M.; Ferreira, Octávio da Veiga; Zbyszewski, Georges; North, C. T.; Norton, J.The Verdelha dos Ruivos cave, located around 20 km NNE of Lisbon, is the only necropolis of the Bell Beaker Complex identified in Portugal to date in which it was possible to isolate in a stratigraphic sequence, single burials and reconstruct the original position of the corpses. The cave was occasionally identified in 1973, during the inspection of a Cretaceous limestone quarry, whose exploration front sectioned the cavity, leaving only the distal part of it. The excavation was carried out by a team from the Geological Service of Portugal led by O. da Veiga Ferreira, which included a medicine doctor, which constituted an obvious added value for characterizing the composition of the population and knowledge of the methods of inhumation used. The small crypt that remained of the primitive natural cavity, whose brown filling contrasted with the color of the limestone, was completely emptied by an hardened carbonate breccia, with abundant limestone blocks, containing archaeological remains. The hardness of this very consolidated filling made it difficult to carry out the excavation, which began in October 1973 and ended only in May 1974. Three main levels were identified, consisting of successive individual tombs in dorsal decubitus, on the left or right side, with the body retracted, in the uterine position. It was possible to identify the position of 11 graves, some related with limestone slabs, which constituted the base or covering of the graves. The archaeological remains included all the items considered characteristic of Bell Beaker Complex: sperm whale tooth buttons, gold spirals, a Palmela point, a fragment of a wristguard and ceramics, of which the decorated ones belong exclusively to the Bell Beker Complex, which leads to the conclusion that the funerary use of the cave is exclusively from a community related to this cultural “circle”. The absolute dating carried out allowed us to place the beginning of this necropolis between 2700 and 2600 years BC, extending into the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. These results are consistent with the antiquity of the emergence of the Bell Beaker Complex in the Tagus estuary region, as was demonstrated by the results obtained at the prehistoric settlement of Leceia, located approximately 30 km to the SW, a reality that will be also valued and discussed.
- Prémio de Arqueologia Professor Doutor Octávio da Veiga Ferreira instituído na Academia Portuguesa da História pela Câmara Municipal de OeirasPublication . Cardoso, João LuísPalavras de agradecimento proferidas pelo autor da obra premiada. Lisboa, Academia Portuguesa da História, 6 de dezembro de 2023.
- Desafios invisíveis: impactos do trabalho na saúde e qualidade de vida dos professores de uma universidade públicaPublication . Cancian, Queli Ghilardi; Malacarne, Vilmar; Moreira, J. António; Mesquita, Elza; Gonçalves, VitorCompreender a profissão docente, pressupõe compreender, a complexidade do ambiente de trabalho e a qualidade de vida e saúde desses profissionais. Partindo desta concepção, o artigo apresenta como objetivo a identificação e análise da saúde mental e qualidade de vida no desenvolvimento das atividades laborais dos professores estatutários que atuam em uma Universidade pública no Oeste do Paraná. Trata-se de uma pesquisa mista (qualitativa-quantitativa) de caráter exploratório, delineamento descritivo, desenvolvida por meio de uma pesquisa de campo, efetivada a partir da aplicação de um ‘questionário estruturado’, desenvolvido pelos próprios pesquisadores. A pesquisa contou com a participação de 94 professores voluntários de diferentes áreas de atuação. Os resultados evidenciaram a insatisfação dos docentes, manifesta a partir da identificação da excessiva carga de trabalho, da considerável perda de autonomia, e da extensão da jornada de trabalho, com indicativos de precarização e a intensificação do trabalho. No estudo identificou-se a presença de transtornos mentais entre os professores, sendo a ansiedade, e a depressão os transtornos com maior incidência. Sendo o sentimento de cansaço atribuído ao principal fator de influência negativa nas condições de saúde.
- Os ouros calcolíticos do povoado pré‑histórico muralhado do Outeiro Redondo (Sesimbra) e da gruta funerária campaniforme da Verdelha dos Ruivos (Vila Franca de Xira)Publication . Cardoso, João Luís; Bottaini, CarloThe paper discusses a group of five gold artifacts originating from Central Portugal, dating back to the latter half of the 3rd millennium BC. One of these artifacts was discovered in the fortified settlement of Outeiro Redondo in Sesimbra, while the remaining four were found in the natural cave of Verdelha dos Ruivos in Vila Franca de Xira which served as a collective burial site associated with the Bell Beaker culture. The study primarily focuses on a typological analysis of the artefacts aimed at comparing these specific gold implements with similar artifacts found elsewhere on the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, we conducted a non‑invasive analysis using a portable X‑ray fluorescence spectrometer, which determined that they are composed of over 90% gold with varying amounts of silver and copper. Such a composition is consistent with other findings from the same period and geographical region, suggesting a commonality in the sourcing of gold from alluvial deposits along the Tagus River. Overall, the findings contribute to our understanding of metallurgical practices, material culture, and social dynamics during the Chalcolithic in Iberia, particularly within the context of the Bell Beaker phenomenon.
- Recepção como Académico Correspondente Estrangeiro da Real Academia de Doctores de España no dia 24 de maio de 2023Publication . Cardoso, João LuísSaudação académica proferida pelo Prof. Doutor Martín Almagro‑Gorbea.
- Estratégias alimentares dos animais domésticos do povoado de Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) durante a transição do 4.º para o 3.º milénio a.C.: uma abordagem a partir dos isótopos estáveisPublication . Navarrete, Vanessa; Cardoso, João Luís; Dias, Cristina Barrocas; Detry, Cleia; Curto, Ana; Waterman, Anna J.; Wright, Elizabeth; Maurer, Anne‑FranceIn this article, we analyse faunal samples from the Late Neolithic (Layer 4) and Early Chalcolithic (Layer 3) levels of the fortified settlement of Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) in order to understand the management of the feeding of domestic animals recovered in these excavations. Through the analyses of stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in bone collagen, we aim to characterise the grazing systems and the maintenance strategies of the livestock that were consumed and raised in Leceia, in an attempt to obtain a further perspective on the economic complexity of the fortified settlements that emerged during the 3rd millennium in Portuguese Extremadura. The results show the possible use of forage to feed the animals and also seem to indicate the use of fertilised fields. This demonstrates that animal production is already based on intentional practices of animal and land management, as well as on complex exchange networks.
- Contributo para o corpus artefactual metálico do Bronze Final em território português: a pregariaPublication . Melo, Ana Ávila de; Cardoso, João LuísIn this article the authors present for the first time two types of nails with long stems from two Late Bronze Age sites in Estremadura, western Portugal. More recently another nail with long stem and a gold conic head was found in a site in southern Portugal of the same age. The rarity of this type of artifacts justified its characterization, which has now been realized.
- Solid–liquid phase equilibrium of the n-Nonane + n-Undecane system for low-temperature thermal energy storagePublication . Nikitin, Timur; Sequeira, Maria Carolina; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Fareleira, João M. N. A.; Fausto , Rui; Diogo, HerminioThe current article presents an exploration of the solid–liquid phase diagram for a binary system comprising n-alkanes with an odd number of carbon atoms, specifically n-nonane (n-C9) and n-undecane (n-C11). This binary system exhibits promising characteristics for application as a phase change material (PCM) in low-temperature thermal energy storage (TES), due to the fusion temperatures of the individual components, thereby motivating an in-depth investigation of the solid–liquid phase diagram of their mixtures. The n-nonane (n-C9) + n-undecane (n-C11) solid–liquid phase equilibrium study herein reported includes the construction of the phase diagram using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) data, complemented with Hot–Stage Microscopy (HSM) and low-temperature Raman Spectroscopy results. From the DSC analysis, both the temperature and the enthalpy of solid–solid and solid–liquid transitions were obtained. The binary system n-C9 + n-C11 has evidenced a congruent melting solid solution at low temperatures. In particular, the blend with a molar composition xundecane = 0.10 shows to be a congruent melting solid solution with a melting point at 215.84 K and an enthalpy of fusion of 13.6 kJ·mol–1. For this reason, this system has confirmed the initial signs to be a candidate with good potential to be applied as a PCM in low-temperature TES applications. This work aims not only to contribute to gather information on the solid–liquid phase equilibrium on the system n-C9 + n-C11, which presently are not available in the literature, but especially to obtain essential and practical information on the possibility to use this system as PCM at low temperatures. The solid–liquid phase diagram of the system n-C9 + n-C11 is being published for the first time, as far as the authors are aware.
- Capillary viscometry for routine measurements of newtonian liquidsPublication . Sequeira, Maria Carolina; Caetano, Fernando J. P.; Fareleira, João M. N. A.Viscosity is a thermophysical property of paramount importance, being essential for many scientific and industrial applications. The most common instruments for its measurement are glass capillary viscometers. Therefore, the use of capillary viscometers is widespread both in industry and in research. The range of viscosities of interest range from lower than that of water to several orders of magnitude higher values, the measurement of which requires different capillary viscometers. Most of the practical applications concern routine instruments, mainly for quality control. One main issue for the utilization of capillary viscometers relates to the need for their calibration, assuring its traceability to the water primary viscosity standard, to certify its worldwide validity. The present paper focuses on capillary instruments dedicated to perform viscosity measurements on Newtonian organic liquids at atmospheric pressure, as it is assumed that is the most widespread type of application for these viscometers. Capillary viscometry has a completely well-defined working equation, namely, the Hagen–Poiseuille equation. However, the practical performance of the measuring instruments deviates from that working equation. Most of those deviations are currently considered by many users. However, some of those deviations have not reached that status yet, like those concerning the effects due to the surface tension of the sample on the measurements. All these aspects are summarized and analyzed in the present article, together with a brief general description of the most common types of capillary viscometers, namely, the Ostwald and the constant-level or Ubbelohde instruments.