Browsing by Author "Waterman, Anna J."
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- Animal mobility in Chalcolithic Portugal: isotopic analyses of cattle from the sites of Zambujal and LeceiaPublication . Wright, Elizabeth; Waterman, Anna J.; Peate, David W.; Kunst, Michael; Cardoso, João LuísThis paper outlines the results of strontium isotopic analyses from cattle recovered at the Chalcolithic fortified settlement sites of Castro do Zambujal and Leceia (Estremadura, Portugal). The Portuguese Chalcolithic (c. 3000/2900–1900 BC) was a pivotal time of social and economic change with evidence of increasing social complexity resulting in the formation of hierarchical settlements. With these changes came the emergence of long-distance exchange networks and more complex population movements and interactions. Domesticated animals would have played an important role in these emerging economies, and it is assumed that animals migrated with, and were exchanged by, humans as part of these new networks. While direct evidence of these networks is still limited in this region, new methodologies have the potential to expand our knowledge of animal mobility and exchange. This study uses 87Sr/86Sr ratios in tooth enamel to identify potential non-local animals at these two settlements. Results indicate that Leceia may have had a higher proportion of non-local animals than Zambujal and had a wider catchment area for its stock, suggesting variations in settlement economies across relatively short distances in this region. These results have important implications for our understanding of animal management at Portuguese Chalcolithic sites, and the involvement of animals in the emerging economies of the time.
- Estratégias alimentares dos animais domésticos do povoado de Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) durante a transição do 4.º para o 3.º milénio a.C.: uma abordagem a partir dos isótopos estáveisPublication . Navarrete, Vanessa; Cardoso, João Luís; Dias, Cristina Barrocas; Detry, Cleia; Curto, Ana; Waterman, Anna J.; Wright, Elizabeth; Maurer, Anne‑FranceIn this article, we analyse faunal samples from the Late Neolithic (Layer 4) and Early Chalcolithic (Layer 3) levels of the fortified settlement of Leceia (Oeiras, Portugal) in order to understand the management of the feeding of domestic animals recovered in these excavations. Through the analyses of stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N in bone collagen, we aim to characterise the grazing systems and the maintenance strategies of the livestock that were consumed and raised in Leceia, in an attempt to obtain a further perspective on the economic complexity of the fortified settlements that emerged during the 3rd millennium in Portuguese Extremadura. The results show the possible use of forage to feed the animals and also seem to indicate the use of fertilised fields. This demonstrates that animal production is already based on intentional practices of animal and land management, as well as on complex exchange networks.
- Human bones from Chalcolithic walled enclosures of portuguese Estremadura: the examples of Zambujal and LeceiaPublication . Kunst, Michael; Cardoso, João Luís; Waterman, Anna J.ln this paper, human skeletal remains from two prominent settlement sites in the Estremadura region of Portugal (Leceia and Zambujal) were examined in order to investigate how settlement burials may relate to individual identity, and/or temporal and spatial aspects of community life. Our findings have been that, at both Zambujal and Leceia, the contexts in which the human remains are recovered are diverse and cannot be explained by one process or type of event.
- The maternal genetic make-up of the Iberian Peninsula between the Neolithic and the early bronze agePublication . Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna; Roth, Christina; Brandt, Guido; Rihuete-Herrada, Cristina; Tejedor-Rodríguez, Cristina; Held, Petra; García-Martínez-de-Lagrán, Iñigo; Magallón, Héctor Arcusa; Zesch, Stephanie; Knipper, Corina; Bánffy, Eszter; Friederich, Susanne; Meller, Harald; Ramírez, Primitiva Bueno; Bermejo, Rosa Barroso; Behrmann, Rodrigo de Balbín; Herrero-Corral, Ana M.; Fernández, Raúl Flores; Fernández, Carmen Alonso; Echevarria, Javier Jiménez; Rindlisbacher, Laura; Oliart, Camila; Fregeiro, María-Inés; Soriano, Ignacio; Vicente, Oriol; Micó, Rafael; Lull, Vicente; Díaz, Jorge Soler; Padilla, Juan Antonio López; Muñoz, Consuelo Roca de Togores; Hernández Pérez, Mauro S.; Maestre, Francisco Javier Jover; Maurandi, Joaquín Lomba; Fernández, Azucena Avilés; Lillios, Katina T.; Silva, Ana Maria; Ramalho, Miguel Magalhães; Oosterbeek, Luiz; Cunha, Claudia; Waterman, Anna J.; Buxó, Jordi Roig; Martínez, Andrés; Martínez, Juana Ponce; Ortiz, Mark Hunt; Mejías-García, Juan Carlos; Espín, Juan Carlos Pecero; Briones, Rosario Cruz-Auñón; Tomé, Tiago; Ballestero, Eduardo Carmona; Cardoso, João Luís; Araújo, Ana Cristina; Lettow-Vorbeck, Corina Liesau von; Bosqued, Concepción Blasco; Mendoza, Patricia Ríos; Pujante, Ana; Royo-Guillén, José I.; Beviá, Marco Aurelio Esquembre; Goncalves, Victor Manuel dos Santos; Parreira, Rui; Hernández, Elena Morán; Izquierdo, Elena Méndez; Miguel, Jorge Vega de; García, Roberto Menduiña; Calvo, Victoria Martínez; Jiménez, Oscar López; Krause, Johannes; Pichler, Sandra L.; Garrido-Pena, Rafael; Kunst, Michael; Risch, Roberto; Rojo-Guerra, Manuel A.; Haak, Wolfgang; Alt, Kurt W.Agriculture frst reached the Iberian Peninsula around 5700 BCE. However, little is known about the genetic structure and changes of prehistoric populations in diferent geographic areas of Iberia. In our study, we focus on the maternal genetic makeup of the Neolithic (~ 5500–3000 BCE), Chalcolithic (~ 3000–2200 BCE) and Early Bronze Age (~ 2200–1500 BCE). We report ancient mitochondrial DNA results of 213 individuals (151 HVS-I sequences) from the northeast, central, southeast and southwest regions and thus on the largest archaeogenetic dataset from the Peninsula to date. Similar to other parts of Europe, we observe a discontinuity between hunter-gatherers and the frst farmers of the Neolithic. During the subsequent periods, we detect regional continuity of Early Neolithic lineages across Iberia, however the genetic contribution of hunter-gatherers is generally higher than in other parts of Europe and varies regionally. In contrast to ancient DNA fndings from Central Europe, we do not observe a major turnover in the mtDNA record of the Iberian Late Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age, suggesting that the population history of the Iberian Peninsula is distinct in character.