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A 9ª Sinfonia de Beethoven : um hino para a Europa (?)
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Cantada em todo o mundo, a Ode à Alegria que conclui a 9ª Sinfonia de Ludwig van Beethoven, constitui um marco na civilização ocidental. Criada a partir de um poema de Friedrich von Schiller, louvando a humanidade reconciliada sob a alegria, esta ode teve um destino excecional. Em 1812, Beethoven decide compor uma 9ª Sinfonia em ré menor, resultando anos depois numa obra de um tipo radicalmente novo: uma sinfonia com coro e solistas. Nela encontramos tudo o que guiou o compositor: a fraternidade, o otimismo humanista e progressivo do Iluminismo e a exaltação romântica dos sentimentos heróicos. Desde a sua criação, a 9ª Sinfonia suscitou até aos nossos dias as mais variadas e distintas interpretações por parte de maestros e músicos. No entanto, apesar das opiniões - das mais elevadas às mais críticas – todas compartilham a visão de que haverá, nesta música, um certo ideal das relações entre os seres humanos, uma certa utopia. A Ode à Alegria é o hino oficial da União Europeia. A introdução instrumental deste movimento foi adotada em 1972 pelo Conselho da Europa como o hino da Europa e, em seguida, em 1985, como o hino oficial pelos Chefes de Estado e de Governo da União Europeia. Devido à sua conceção, é uma das composições mais brilhantes e impressionantes de Beethoven. Influenciou profundamente a história da música nos séculos XIX e XX, e não apenas o género sinfónico. A Ode à Alegria tornou-se um símbolo de paz entre as nações e os povos do mundo. A presente investigação tem como objetivo compreender se os cidadãos portugueses, enquanto cidadãos europeus também, conhecem a 9ª Sinfonia de Beethoven, o Hino à Alegria, também hino oficial da União Europeia. E ainda, se este hino europeu é um elemento musical que une todos os cidadãos da Europa. Para o efeito, optou-se por uma metodologia quantitativa baseada em inquérito por questionário, tendo sido realizados os inquéritos por questionário a uma amostra de 660 indivíduos. Após a aplicação dos inquéritos por questionário recorreu-se à abordagem da estatística descritiva (dedutiva) para análise dos dados. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos participantes conhece a 9ª Sinfonia, o Hino à Alegria e o hino europeu. No entanto, as opiniões dividem-se no que respeita ao hino europeu ser um elemento musical de união entre os cidadãos europeus.
Sung all over the world, the Ode to Joy that concludes the 9th Symphony of Ludwig van Beethoven, is a touchstone of Western civilization. Created from a poem by Friedrich von Schiller, praising humanity reconciled under joy, this ode had an exceptional destiny. In 1812, Beethoven decided to compose a 9th Symphony in D minor, resulting years later in a work of a radically new type: a symphony with chorus and soloists. In it, we find everything that guided the composer: the brotherhood, the humanist and progressive optimism of the Enlightenment, and the romantic exaltation of the heroic feelings. Since its inception, the 9th Symphony has given rise to interpretations. However, despite the opinions - from the highest to the most critical reviews - they all share the view that there is, in this music, a certain ideal of the relations between human beings, a certain utopia. Ode to Joy is the official anthem of the European Union. The instrumental introduction of this movement was adopted in 1972 by the Council of Europe as the anthem of Europe, and then in 1985 as the official anthem by the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. Due to its design, it is one of the most brilliant and impressive compositions of Beethoven. It deeply influenced the history of music in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, not just the symphonic genre. The Ode to Joy has become a symbol of peace between nations and peoples of the world. The present research aims to understand if Portuguese citizens, who also are European citizens, know the 9th Symphony of Beethoven, the Hymn to Joy, and also official anthem of the European Union. And yet, if this European anthem is a musical element that unites all the citizens of Europe. For this purpose, a quantitative methodology was chosen based on a questionnaire survey, and questionnaire surveys were carried out on a sample of 660 individuals. After the application of the questionnaire surveys we used the descriptive (deductive) statistics approach to analyze the data. The results show that most of the participants know the 9th Symphony, the Hymn to Joy and the European anthem. However, opinions are divided as regards the European anthem being a musical element of union between European citizens.
Sung all over the world, the Ode to Joy that concludes the 9th Symphony of Ludwig van Beethoven, is a touchstone of Western civilization. Created from a poem by Friedrich von Schiller, praising humanity reconciled under joy, this ode had an exceptional destiny. In 1812, Beethoven decided to compose a 9th Symphony in D minor, resulting years later in a work of a radically new type: a symphony with chorus and soloists. In it, we find everything that guided the composer: the brotherhood, the humanist and progressive optimism of the Enlightenment, and the romantic exaltation of the heroic feelings. Since its inception, the 9th Symphony has given rise to interpretations. However, despite the opinions - from the highest to the most critical reviews - they all share the view that there is, in this music, a certain ideal of the relations between human beings, a certain utopia. Ode to Joy is the official anthem of the European Union. The instrumental introduction of this movement was adopted in 1972 by the Council of Europe as the anthem of Europe, and then in 1985 as the official anthem by the Heads of State and Government of the European Union. Due to its design, it is one of the most brilliant and impressive compositions of Beethoven. It deeply influenced the history of music in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, not just the symphonic genre. The Ode to Joy has become a symbol of peace between nations and peoples of the world. The present research aims to understand if Portuguese citizens, who also are European citizens, know the 9th Symphony of Beethoven, the Hymn to Joy, and also official anthem of the European Union. And yet, if this European anthem is a musical element that unites all the citizens of Europe. For this purpose, a quantitative methodology was chosen based on a questionnaire survey, and questionnaire surveys were carried out on a sample of 660 individuals. After the application of the questionnaire surveys we used the descriptive (deductive) statistics approach to analyze the data. The results show that most of the participants know the 9th Symphony, the Hymn to Joy and the European anthem. However, opinions are divided as regards the European anthem being a musical element of union between European citizens.
Description
Keywords
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827 União Europeia Música Identidade europeia Symphony Nº9 Beethoven Hymn to Joy Romanticism European Union anthem
Citation
Praia, Bruno Filipe Dias Moedas - A 9ª Sinfonia de Beethoven [Em linha]: um hino para a Europa (?). [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2017. 197 p.