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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Enquanto profissional de modelação digital 3D e professor nessa mesma área, o autor
deste trabalho constatou ao longo de vários anos que a modelação 3D da anatomia
humana carece da definição de um processo simples, sistemático, e bem documentado,
que explicite a modelação de uma figura standard (“canónica”) que por sua vez sirva de
base à modelação de personagens concretas. O móbil deste trabalho de investigação é
precisamente preencher essa lacuna. Dominar as ferramentas de modelação 3D é apenas
uma pequena parte do processo de criação deste modelo; é necessário ainda um
cuidadoso estudo da anatomia humana, e, mais do que isso, uma compreensão do que
significa o conceito de cânone anatómico propriamente dito. Neste trabalho revisitamos
este conceito, fazendo uma análise crítica das suas muitas reincarnações e reapreciações
ao longo dos séculos. Não chegamos a uma conclusão sobre o que o cânone foi — as
interpretações são muitas e contraditórias — mas chegamos a uma definição concreta do
que pode ser. Consideramos que o cânone não é apenas nem primordialmente um ideal
prescritivo de beleza anatómica, mas sim um objeto de referência de extremo valor para
a investigação das formas reais do corpo e da sua variabilidade: o cânone não é uma
regra, mas uma régua. Consideramos ainda que o cânone que se pretende para a arte
digital deve ser adaptado às ferramentas da arte digital. Desta forma, pretendemos dar os
primeiros passos na construção de um possível cânone digital, produzindo não só um
conjunto de regras, mas um modelo da sua aplicação: um cânone e a sua materialização.
Como primeira proposta, construiu-se um cânone do modelo humano 3D com baixo
número de polígonos, uma construção com carácter didático e uma mnemónica
relativamente simples, uma construção que respeita a principais características da
anatomia humana. Para a segunda proposta, foi elaborado um método para a construção
do cânone, utilizando unicamente primitivas 3D. Finalmente, desenvolveu-se um
protótipo para uma aplicação adequada ao ensino da anatomia artística baseada na
manipulação do cânone proposto.
As a professional in 3D digital modeling and a teacher in the same field, the author of this work has noticed over several years that the 3D modeling of human anatomy lacks the definition of a simple, systematic, and well-documented process that explains the modeling of a standard ("canonical") figure, which in turn serves as a basis for the modeling of specific characters. The aim of the present work is precisely to fill this gap. Mastering 3D modeling tools is only a small part of the process of creating this model; a careful study of human anatomy is also necessary, and, more than that, an understanding of what the concept of an anatomical canon actually means. In this work, we revisit this concept, conducting a critical analysis of its many reincarnations and reappraisals over the centuries. We do not arrive at a conclusion about what the canon was interpretations — are many and contradictory — but we arrive at a concrete definition of what it can be. We consider that the canon is not primarily a prescriptive ideal of anatomical beauty but rather a valuable reference object for the investigation of the real forms of the body and its variability: the canon is not a rule but a ruler. We also consider that the canon intended for digital art should be adapted to digital art tools. In this way, we aim to take the first steps in building a possible digital canon, producing not only a set of rules but a model of its application: a canon and its materialization. As a first proposal, a canon of the 3D human model with a low number of polygons was constructed, a didactic and relatively simple mnemonic construction that respects the main characteristics of human anatomy. For the second proposal, a method for building the canon using only 3D primitives was developed. Finally, we developed a prototype for an application suitable for the teaching of artistic anatomy through the manipulation of the proposed canon.
As a professional in 3D digital modeling and a teacher in the same field, the author of this work has noticed over several years that the 3D modeling of human anatomy lacks the definition of a simple, systematic, and well-documented process that explains the modeling of a standard ("canonical") figure, which in turn serves as a basis for the modeling of specific characters. The aim of the present work is precisely to fill this gap. Mastering 3D modeling tools is only a small part of the process of creating this model; a careful study of human anatomy is also necessary, and, more than that, an understanding of what the concept of an anatomical canon actually means. In this work, we revisit this concept, conducting a critical analysis of its many reincarnations and reappraisals over the centuries. We do not arrive at a conclusion about what the canon was interpretations — are many and contradictory — but we arrive at a concrete definition of what it can be. We consider that the canon is not primarily a prescriptive ideal of anatomical beauty but rather a valuable reference object for the investigation of the real forms of the body and its variability: the canon is not a rule but a ruler. We also consider that the canon intended for digital art should be adapted to digital art tools. In this way, we aim to take the first steps in building a possible digital canon, producing not only a set of rules but a model of its application: a canon and its materialization. As a first proposal, a canon of the 3D human model with a low number of polygons was constructed, a didactic and relatively simple mnemonic construction that respects the main characteristics of human anatomy. For the second proposal, a method for building the canon using only 3D primitives was developed. Finally, we developed a prototype for an application suitable for the teaching of artistic anatomy through the manipulation of the proposed canon.
Description
Keywords
Cânone anatómico Anatomia humana Modelação 3D Arte digital Anatomical canon Human anatomy 3D modeling Digital art
Pedagogical Context
Citation
Silva, Horácio Hugo Ferreira Faria de Azevedo e - Rumo a um cânone para a modelação digital 3D da anatomia humana [Em linha]. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2023. 168 p.