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Beja setecentista: o senado camarário, poderes e representações
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Abstract(s)
A tese de doutoramento que ora se apresenta, à qual subjaz a renovação teórico-
-historiográfica que suportou a ruptura com a doutrinação e o paradigma estadualista
herdados de Herculano e da historiografia novecentista, versa sobre o senado camarário
bejense, o seu papel no exercício do poder local e as representações que esse mesmo
poder assumia no universo setecentista. Porque o poder não se exerce no vazio tomou-se,
como ponto de partida, a análise do espaço natural e social onde os agentes do poder
camarário viviam e exercitavam as suas funções, no pressuposto de que essas
condicionantes, para além da mundividência e do ordenamento jurídico e político
coetâneos, se constituíam como os elementos estruturantes que moldavam e orientavam
os comportamentos. Caracterizava-se essa mundividência, fundamentalmente, de um
ponto de vista social, pela ética e estética barrocas e pela assunção da desigualdade e da
excepção, plasmadas no corpus jurídico coevo; de um ponto de vista político, pelo
absolutismo e, já na segunda metade do século, pela emergência do despotismo
esclarecido; e, de um ponto de vista económico, pela autarcia insolidária e pela
regulamentação camarária da economia local.
Abrange este estudo, em termos espaciais, a cidade de Beja e o seu termo concelhio
durante o período setecentista, até aos finais do reinado josefino.
Particular atenção mereceram os processos eleitorais, não somente da oligarquia
como dos agentes menores do poder camarário, que esta elegia numa lógica a que não
eram estranhos propósitos de criação de redes clientelares baseadas em critérios de
amizade, parentesco, fidelidade, honra e serviço instituidores de deveres recíprocos.
Tomando como institutos fulcrais do exercício desse poder a Câmara Municipal, a
Misericórdia e as ordenanças, adoptou-se uma estratégia de identificação e delimitação
dos intervenientes no seu exercício, numa prática de investigação de carácter
prosopográfico. Para tal, recorreu-se a um conjunto de fontes que possibilitaram, através
do seu cruzamento, delinear uma lógica de compreensão desses protagonistas, em moldes
de preeminência política e social e sua consequente estratificação no exercício desse
poder. Nesta conformidade, pretendeu-se captar as diferentes estratégias de conquista e
manutenção do poder, formas de exercício desse mesmo poder e situações de
conflitualidade resultantes desse exercício, não apenas entre os institutos e protagonistas
locais, mas entre estes e o poder central.
The present doctoral thesis, which underlies the theoretical-historiographic renewal that endured the rupture with the indoctrination and the statist paradigm inherited from Herculano and the historiography of the nineteenth century, is about the Senate Chamber of Beja, its role in the exercise of local power and the representations that this same power assumed in the eighteenth century. Because power is not exercised in a void, it was taken, as a starting point, the analysis of the natural and social space where the agents of the local power lived and exercised their duties, on the assumption that these conditions, beyond the world-view and their legal and political order, constituted the structuring elements that shaped and guided the behaviors. This world-view was characterized, fundamentally, from a social point of view, by baroque ethics and aesthetics, and by the assumption of inequality and exception, embodied in the contemporaneous juridical corpus; from a political point of view, by absolutism and, in the second half of the century, by the emergence of enlightened despotism; from an economic point of view, by the unsupportive autarchy and the council regulation of the local economy. This study covers, in spatial terms, the city of Beja and its municipal border during the eighteenth period, until the end of the reign of Dom José I. Particular attention was paid to the electoral processes, not only of the oligarchs but also of the minor agents of the city power, elected in logic to which they were not strange purposes of creating clientelistic networks, based on criteria of friendship, fidelity, honor and service, defining reciprocal duties. Taking as core institutes of the exercise of this power the City Hall, the Holy House of Mercy and the officer corps of militia, a strategy of identification and delimitation of those involved in this exercise was adopted, in a practice research of prosopographical nature. In order to do so, a set of sources was used which, through their intersection, made possible delineatin of logical understanding of these protagonists, into molds of political and social preeminence and its consequent stratification in the exercise of that power. Accordingly, we sought to capture the different strategies of conquest and maintenance of power, forms of exercising that same power and situations of conflict resulting from this exercise, not only among local actors and institutions but between them and the central government.
The present doctoral thesis, which underlies the theoretical-historiographic renewal that endured the rupture with the indoctrination and the statist paradigm inherited from Herculano and the historiography of the nineteenth century, is about the Senate Chamber of Beja, its role in the exercise of local power and the representations that this same power assumed in the eighteenth century. Because power is not exercised in a void, it was taken, as a starting point, the analysis of the natural and social space where the agents of the local power lived and exercised their duties, on the assumption that these conditions, beyond the world-view and their legal and political order, constituted the structuring elements that shaped and guided the behaviors. This world-view was characterized, fundamentally, from a social point of view, by baroque ethics and aesthetics, and by the assumption of inequality and exception, embodied in the contemporaneous juridical corpus; from a political point of view, by absolutism and, in the second half of the century, by the emergence of enlightened despotism; from an economic point of view, by the unsupportive autarchy and the council regulation of the local economy. This study covers, in spatial terms, the city of Beja and its municipal border during the eighteenth period, until the end of the reign of Dom José I. Particular attention was paid to the electoral processes, not only of the oligarchs but also of the minor agents of the city power, elected in logic to which they were not strange purposes of creating clientelistic networks, based on criteria of friendship, fidelity, honor and service, defining reciprocal duties. Taking as core institutes of the exercise of this power the City Hall, the Holy House of Mercy and the officer corps of militia, a strategy of identification and delimitation of those involved in this exercise was adopted, in a practice research of prosopographical nature. In order to do so, a set of sources was used which, through their intersection, made possible delineatin of logical understanding of these protagonists, into molds of political and social preeminence and its consequent stratification in the exercise of that power. Accordingly, we sought to capture the different strategies of conquest and maintenance of power, forms of exercising that same power and situations of conflict resulting from this exercise, not only among local actors and institutions but between them and the central government.
Description
Keywords
Historiografia Elite Poder político Oligarquia Representações Beja Local elites Oligarchy Representations Powers
Citation
Mósca, Joaquim Filipe - Beja setecentista [Em linha]: o senado camarário, poderes e representações. Lisboa: [s.n.], 2019. 2 vols.