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Abstract(s)
O culto da deusa egípcia Ísis atravessou todas as épocas da história faraónica e chegou até ao Período Ptolomaico, quando se tornou numa das principais divindades de Alexandria. Nos monumentos helenísticos da capital dos Lágidas, o antigo casal Osíris--Ísis da multimilenar tradição faraónica deu lugar à inseparável dupla Serápis-Ísis. Embora sem um santuário próprio no temenos do Serapeum, Ísis possuía vários templos na ilha de Pharos e na ilhota de Lochias.
Em Alexandria, Ísis assumiu as funções de protectora da navegação e dos marinheiros (Ísis Pelagia e Ísis Euploia), ao mesmo tempo que mantinha os seus tradicionais atributos de deusa amamentadora (Ísis Lactans), sendo representada de forma tradicional ou de forma adaptada aos novos tempos, com roupagens gregas (chiton ou peplos e himation).
A diáspora mediterrânica do culto isíaco corresponde a um novo patamar do seu culto, ao deixar de ser uma deusa egípcia, local, para se transformar numa deusa de carácter universal. Ao transcender as fronteiras nilóticas e se espalhar pelo Mediterrâneo, o culto da deusa Ísis prestou-se a assimilações e apropriações várias.
Neste processo de diálogo intercivilizacional, o importante é perceber como a sua coexistência no tempo (vários séculos) e no espaço (várias regiões) moldou a imagem material e mental que as várias comunidades assumiram da antiga deusa egípcia.
Toda a diáspora isíaca foi acompanhada pela produção de inúmeras areotologias ou textos laudatórios que nos permitem apurar a imagem que os fiéis tinham fora do Egipto da deusa, dos seus atributos, das suas funções e da sua história mitológica.
The cult of the Egyptian goddess Isis crosses over all Pharaonic history up to Ptolemaic period, when it became one of the main deities of Alexandria. In the capital of the Ptolemies, the old Osiris-Isis couple of the multimillenary pharaonic tradition gave way to the inseparable duo Sarapis-Isis. Although without a shrine in the temenos of the Serapeum, Isis had several temples in the island of Pharos and in the islet of Lochias. While maintaining its traditional attributes of nursing mother goddess (Isis Lactans), Isis is the protective deity of navigation and of sailors (Isis Pelagia and Isis Euploia). She was also depicted either in a traditional way or with new imagery with Greek garments (chiton or peplos and himation). Transcending Nilotic borders and spreading throughout the Mediterranean, the cult of Isis was the subject of multiple processes of assimilation and appropriation. The Mediterranean Isiac diaspora cult points out to a new level of worship: the transformation of an Egyptian goddess, with a local referent, into a universal goddess. A most important issue in this dialogue between civilization, which the cult of Isis allows, is to better understand how its coexistence in time (several centuries) and space (different regions) has shaped the iconographic and symbolic images as well as ritual codes and mythological imaginaries that highly diversified communities had about the ancient Egyptian goddess. Furthermore, numerous aretologies or laudatory texts on the Isiac diaspora have allowed us to identify the image that the faithful outside Egypt had of the goddess, its attributes, its functions and its mythological story.
The cult of the Egyptian goddess Isis crosses over all Pharaonic history up to Ptolemaic period, when it became one of the main deities of Alexandria. In the capital of the Ptolemies, the old Osiris-Isis couple of the multimillenary pharaonic tradition gave way to the inseparable duo Sarapis-Isis. Although without a shrine in the temenos of the Serapeum, Isis had several temples in the island of Pharos and in the islet of Lochias. While maintaining its traditional attributes of nursing mother goddess (Isis Lactans), Isis is the protective deity of navigation and of sailors (Isis Pelagia and Isis Euploia). She was also depicted either in a traditional way or with new imagery with Greek garments (chiton or peplos and himation). Transcending Nilotic borders and spreading throughout the Mediterranean, the cult of Isis was the subject of multiple processes of assimilation and appropriation. The Mediterranean Isiac diaspora cult points out to a new level of worship: the transformation of an Egyptian goddess, with a local referent, into a universal goddess. A most important issue in this dialogue between civilization, which the cult of Isis allows, is to better understand how its coexistence in time (several centuries) and space (different regions) has shaped the iconographic and symbolic images as well as ritual codes and mythological imaginaries that highly diversified communities had about the ancient Egyptian goddess. Furthermore, numerous aretologies or laudatory texts on the Isiac diaspora have allowed us to identify the image that the faithful outside Egypt had of the goddess, its attributes, its functions and its mythological story.
Description
Keywords
Deusa Ísis Culto egípcio Culto mediterrânico Tradição Adaptação Goddess Isis Egyptian cult Mediterranean cult Tradition Adaptation
Citation
Sales, José das Candeias - A Ísis alexandrina: tradição versus adaptação nas antigas dinâmicas culturais mediterrânicas. In Cardoso, João Luís; Sales, José das Candeias, eds. - "In Memoriam [Em linha]: estudos de homenagem a António Augusto Tavares". Lisboa: Universidade Aberta, 2018. ISBN: 978-972-674-815-1. p. 75-88
Publisher
Universidade Aberta