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Fechados no silĂȘncio: os sem abrigo
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Abstract(s)
O fenĂłmeno dos sem-abrigo, tal como se apresenta hoje na sociedade portuguesa, pode ser considerado muito recente. As caracterĂsticas da população que pede nas ruas ou que nas mesmas pernoita, alteraram-se na Ășltima dĂ©cada. Com frequĂȘncia nos cruzamos com pessoas dos dois sexos, de diferentes idades e etnias, estrangeiros que mal sabem falar portuguĂȘs e que recorrem Ă mendicidade ou ao desenvolvimento de pequenas tarefas (arrumar carros ou lavar os vidros pĂĄra-brisas) para angariar uma pequena verba pecuniĂĄria.
A visibilidade deste problema social contribuiu para que se olhasse para o mesmo, de uma nova forma, procurando-se a sua compreensĂŁo no desenvolvimento sĂłcio-econĂłmico da sociedade, na incapacidade de se gerarem mecanismos preventivos da situação de sem-abrigo. Ou seja, a responsabilidade individual, por doença ou ociosidade, normalmente atribuĂda a quem pedia uma esmola, foi diluĂda numa compreensĂŁo mais alargada do problema, dando-se ĂȘnfase a factores estruturais, como o desemprego, as baixas pensĂ”es e reformas, os baixos salĂĄrios, as rupturas relacionais e simbĂłlicas.
Pretendemos com este estudo, de carĂĄcter qualitativo e intensivo, dar voz a quem sobrevive em condiçÔes tĂŁo pouco dignas, para quem o exercĂcio de cidadania, a assunção de direitos sociais, polĂticos e civis, se encontra arredado do seu quotidiano. ProcurĂĄmos que os sem-abrigo expusessem a forma como percepcionam o real, real este tradutor das suas vivĂȘncias, das suas crenças, das suas aspiraçÔes. RealizĂĄmos entrevistas a indivĂduos sem-abrigo que se encontravam em espaços pĂșblicos, abordĂĄmo-los directamente em jardins, praças e ruas da cidade do Porto
Le fait social des sans-abri, tel quÂŽil se prĂ©sente aujourdÂŽhui dans la sociĂ©tĂ© portugaise, peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© un phĂ©nomĂšne trĂšs rĂ©cent. Les caractĂ©ristiques de la population qui mendie ou qui dort dans les rues ont changĂ© pendent la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie. Nous croisons frĂ©quemment des gens de lâun ou lâautre sexe, dÂŽĂąges et dÂŽethnies diffĂ©rents, des Ă©trangers qui savent Ă peine parler portugais et qui recourent Ă la mendicitĂ© ou Ă la rĂ©alisation de petites tĂąches (trouver une place de stationnement pour les voitures ou laver les pare-brise) afin de gagner un peu dÂŽargent. La visibilitĂ© de ce problĂšme social a contribuĂ© Ă ce quÂŽon lÂŽenvisage sous un angle nouveau et Ă ce quÂŽon le conçoive dans le cadre du dĂ©veloppement socio-Ă©conomique de la sociĂ©tĂ©, de lÂŽincapacitĂ© Ă gĂ©rer des mĂ©canismes de prĂ©vention de la situation des sans-abri. En dÂŽautres termes, la responsabilitĂ© individuelle quÂŽon attribuait jusquÂŽalors aux mendiants (pour cause de maladie ou dÂŽoisivetĂ©) sÂŽest diluĂ©e dans un problĂšme quÂŽon envisage dĂ©sormais dans un cadre de comprĂ©hension plus large, mettant lÂŽaccent sur des facteurs structurels comme le chĂŽmage, les basses pensions et salaires, les ruptures relationnelles et symboliques. Cette Ă©tude, Ă caractĂšre qualitatif et intensif, vise Ă donner voix Ă ceux qui survivent dans des conditions si peu dignes et pour qui lÂŽexercice de la citoyennetĂ©, lÂŽassomption des droits sociaux, politiques et civils, est Ă©cartĂ© de leur quotidien. Nous exposons comment les sans-abris perçoivent la rĂ©alitĂ©; rĂ©alitĂ© qui traduit leur mode de vie, leurs croyances et leurs aspirations. Nous avons interview des sans-abri dans des espaces publics, parcs, places et rues de la ville de Porto
The homeless phenomenon, as it is presented in todayâs Portuguese society, can be considered fairly recent. The characteristics of the population that begs or sleeps in the streets have been modified in the last decade. We frequently come across people from both sexes, of different ages and ethnicities, foreigners that barely speak Portuguese and that resort to mendicity or to small tasks (assisting to park cars or wash windshields) to collect a small pecuniary amount. The visibility of this social problem contributed to a change in approach, one that seeks its understanding in the socio-economic development of society and in the incapacity of creating mechanisms that prevent the homeless situation. In other words, the individual responsibility, due to disease or idleness, usually attributed to those who beg, has been diluted in a broader understanding of the homeless problem, emphasizing structural factors, such as unemployment, low pensions and retirement funds, low salaries, and symbolic and relational ruptures. With this study of qualitative and intensive nature we aim to give a voice to those surviving in such undignified conditions, from whom the practice of citizenship, the assumption of social, political and civil rights, is removed in their daily life. Our objective was to let the homeless express their perception of reality, a reality translating their way of life, their beliefs, their aspirations. We interviewed homeless individuals that were present in public spaces, approaching them directly in gardens, squares, and streets of Porto
Le fait social des sans-abri, tel quÂŽil se prĂ©sente aujourdÂŽhui dans la sociĂ©tĂ© portugaise, peut ĂȘtre considĂ©rĂ© un phĂ©nomĂšne trĂšs rĂ©cent. Les caractĂ©ristiques de la population qui mendie ou qui dort dans les rues ont changĂ© pendent la derniĂšre dĂ©cennie. Nous croisons frĂ©quemment des gens de lâun ou lâautre sexe, dÂŽĂąges et dÂŽethnies diffĂ©rents, des Ă©trangers qui savent Ă peine parler portugais et qui recourent Ă la mendicitĂ© ou Ă la rĂ©alisation de petites tĂąches (trouver une place de stationnement pour les voitures ou laver les pare-brise) afin de gagner un peu dÂŽargent. La visibilitĂ© de ce problĂšme social a contribuĂ© Ă ce quÂŽon lÂŽenvisage sous un angle nouveau et Ă ce quÂŽon le conçoive dans le cadre du dĂ©veloppement socio-Ă©conomique de la sociĂ©tĂ©, de lÂŽincapacitĂ© Ă gĂ©rer des mĂ©canismes de prĂ©vention de la situation des sans-abri. En dÂŽautres termes, la responsabilitĂ© individuelle quÂŽon attribuait jusquÂŽalors aux mendiants (pour cause de maladie ou dÂŽoisivetĂ©) sÂŽest diluĂ©e dans un problĂšme quÂŽon envisage dĂ©sormais dans un cadre de comprĂ©hension plus large, mettant lÂŽaccent sur des facteurs structurels comme le chĂŽmage, les basses pensions et salaires, les ruptures relationnelles et symboliques. Cette Ă©tude, Ă caractĂšre qualitatif et intensif, vise Ă donner voix Ă ceux qui survivent dans des conditions si peu dignes et pour qui lÂŽexercice de la citoyennetĂ©, lÂŽassomption des droits sociaux, politiques et civils, est Ă©cartĂ© de leur quotidien. Nous exposons comment les sans-abris perçoivent la rĂ©alitĂ©; rĂ©alitĂ© qui traduit leur mode de vie, leurs croyances et leurs aspirations. Nous avons interview des sans-abri dans des espaces publics, parcs, places et rues de la ville de Porto
The homeless phenomenon, as it is presented in todayâs Portuguese society, can be considered fairly recent. The characteristics of the population that begs or sleeps in the streets have been modified in the last decade. We frequently come across people from both sexes, of different ages and ethnicities, foreigners that barely speak Portuguese and that resort to mendicity or to small tasks (assisting to park cars or wash windshields) to collect a small pecuniary amount. The visibility of this social problem contributed to a change in approach, one that seeks its understanding in the socio-economic development of society and in the incapacity of creating mechanisms that prevent the homeless situation. In other words, the individual responsibility, due to disease or idleness, usually attributed to those who beg, has been diluted in a broader understanding of the homeless problem, emphasizing structural factors, such as unemployment, low pensions and retirement funds, low salaries, and symbolic and relational ruptures. With this study of qualitative and intensive nature we aim to give a voice to those surviving in such undignified conditions, from whom the practice of citizenship, the assumption of social, political and civil rights, is removed in their daily life. Our objective was to let the homeless express their perception of reality, a reality translating their way of life, their beliefs, their aspirations. We interviewed homeless individuals that were present in public spaces, approaching them directly in gardens, squares, and streets of Porto
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado em RelaçÔes Interculturais apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
ExclusĂŁo social Marginalidade Pobreza Sem-abrigo Entrevistas Porto