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Eletromobilidade na União Europeia: a transição energética no setor automóvel utilitário
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Abstract(s)
Um dos maiores obstáculos na Europa à transição energética atualmente, provém da falta
de infraestrutura de carregamento elétrico. Nos dias de hoje em que um veículo elétrico a
bateria tende a ficar mais barato, a par de um veículo de motorização térmica, o mercado
está mais estagnado do que deveria tendo em conta a falta de pontos de carregamento, a
funcionalidade integral dos que já existem e a ainda a simplificação do seu uso. Os
avanços tecnológicos e as mudanças sociais desencadearam uma evolução drástica na
mobilidade rodoviária. Juntamente com outras tendências, como a digitalização, e a
mobilidade compartilhada, a mobilidade elétrica ganhou força no mercado de consumo.
A mobilidade elétrica pode ajudar a União Europeia atingir os seus objetivos de reduzir as
emissões de gases de efeito estufa, a poluição do ar, o ruído e a dependência do petróleo.
No entanto, a extensão desta ajuda depende de vários fatores, como sejam a aquisição
de veículos eletrificados na frota geral de veículos de empresas e particulares.
A necessidade de aumentar a quota de mercado neste sector, não só em Portugal como
no resto da Europa, só depende dos Estados e das empresas dedicadas ao fabrico e
manutenção do equipamento necessário. A tecnologia dos veículos elétricos, já permite ir
mais além do que somente em circuitos urbanos, sendo possível efetuar carregamentos
em corrente contínua na maioria dos veículos. Este tipo de carregamento permite a um
utilizador de deslocar-se grandes distâncias sem ter o incómodo, de há poucos anos, de
passar várias horas à espera de um carregamento.
Os primeiros carregadores elétricos com passagens de corrente máxima a 3,70 kWh,
poderiam constituir um constrangimento e um obstáculo à aquisição de um veículo
elétrico. O elevado preço de um automóvel com estas características também não
facilitava que a transição energética se efetuasse. A mobilidade elétrica, entretanto,
avançou muito não só tecnologicamente, mas também beneficiou de incentivos criados
pelo Estado, num mercado em franco crescimento.
One of the biggest obstacles in Europe to the energy transition today comes from the lack of electric charging infrastructure. Nowadays, when a battery electric vehicle tends to be cheaper, along with a thermal motor vehicle, the market is more stagnant than it should be given the lack of charging points, the full functionality of those that already exist and the simplification of its use. Technological advances and social changes have triggered a drastic evolution in road mobility. Along with other trends such as digitalization and shared mobility, electric mobility has gained traction in the consumer market. Electric mobility can help the European Union achieve its goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, noise and dependence on oil. However, the extent of this aid depends on several factors, such as the acquisition of electrified vehicles in the general fleet of corporate and private vehicles. The need to increase market share in this sector, not only in Portugal but in the rest of Europe, only depend on the States and companies dedicated to the manufacture and maintenance of the necessary equipment. The electric vehicle technology already allowed going further than just in urban circuits, being possible to carry out direct current charging in most vehicles. This type of charging allowed an electric vehicle user to travel long distances without having to spend several hours waiting for a charge a few years ago. The first electric chargers with maximum current passages at 3.70 kW/h could constitute a constraint and an obstacle to the purchase of an electric vehicle. The high price of a car with these characteristics also did not make the energy transition easier. Electric mobility, however, has advanced a lot not only technologically, but also benefited from incentives created by the State, in a rapidly growing market.
One of the biggest obstacles in Europe to the energy transition today comes from the lack of electric charging infrastructure. Nowadays, when a battery electric vehicle tends to be cheaper, along with a thermal motor vehicle, the market is more stagnant than it should be given the lack of charging points, the full functionality of those that already exist and the simplification of its use. Technological advances and social changes have triggered a drastic evolution in road mobility. Along with other trends such as digitalization and shared mobility, electric mobility has gained traction in the consumer market. Electric mobility can help the European Union achieve its goals of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, noise and dependence on oil. However, the extent of this aid depends on several factors, such as the acquisition of electrified vehicles in the general fleet of corporate and private vehicles. The need to increase market share in this sector, not only in Portugal but in the rest of Europe, only depend on the States and companies dedicated to the manufacture and maintenance of the necessary equipment. The electric vehicle technology already allowed going further than just in urban circuits, being possible to carry out direct current charging in most vehicles. This type of charging allowed an electric vehicle user to travel long distances without having to spend several hours waiting for a charge a few years ago. The first electric chargers with maximum current passages at 3.70 kW/h could constitute a constraint and an obstacle to the purchase of an electric vehicle. The high price of a car with these characteristics also did not make the energy transition easier. Electric mobility, however, has advanced a lot not only technologically, but also benefited from incentives created by the State, in a rapidly growing market.
Description
Keywords
Veículos elétricos Mobilidade elétrica Economia Transição energética Europa Electric vehicle Economy Energy transition Europe
Citation
Duarte, Nuno Filipe Lopes - Eletromobilidade na União Europeia [Em linha]: a transição energética no setor automóvel utilitário. [S.l.]: [s.n.], [2023], 172 p.