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Adopção do Electronic Data Interchange na indústria automóvel: um estudo nas empresas de componentes em Portugal
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) abriu uma janela de oportunidade para as empresas se
tornarem mais competitivas, não só pela via dos processos produtivos e serviços, mas
também nas práticas organizacionais e de gestão, onde a sua própria capacidade de iniciativa
desempenha um papel positivamente diferenciador. Sabemos que uma das formas que as
empresas têm encontrado para a melhoria da coordenação entre os diferentes agentes
económicos, elos, de uma cadeia produtiva é através da adopção de tecnologias de
informação e comunicação procurando uma mais eficaz e eficiente troca de informação e
controlo, sendo os IOS (Interorganizational Systems) um dos meios encontrados de
operacionalizar tais objectivos. O EDI é eventualmente o mais conhecido dos IOS, sendo
utilizado na indústria automóvel há já vários anos. O presente estudo procura identificar quais
os factores: a) que influenciam o sucesso na iniciação e implementação do EDI na indústria
automóvel Portuguesa, e classificar esses factores de acordo com a sua importância; b) que
promovem uma maior integração dos sistemas interorganizacionais com base no EDI entre
parceiros comerciais; c) entender qual o potencial impacto do EDI nas empresas da indústria
automóvel Portuguesa. Assim, pretende-se a discussão desses factores e as suas implicações
na efectiva utilização do EDI.
O estudo segue a perspectiva crítica, onde se procura perceber o fenómeno, através da
compreensão e interpretação do fenómeno em estudo, penetrando no contexto empresarial e
no mundo profissional dos sujeitos que ai interagem. Ao se tratar de um fenómeno
contemporâneo, a problemática dos factores de sucesso do EDI no contexto das empresas,
logo uma situação real, onde a realidade é dinâmica, evolutiva e interactiva, enquadra-se no
domínio da investigação sobre Sistemas de Informação, a metodologia utilizada é o estudo
de caso. No âmbito desta metodologia foram recolhidos e analisados 40 questionários, de um
conjunto de dez empresas, e foram realizadas dezoito entrevistas a responsáveis com
responsabilidades de direcção nas áreas dos Sistemas de Informação e Logística. Os factores
identificados como associados ao sucesso do EDI foram estruturados de acordo com as
seguintes dimensões: iniciação; implementação; e integração (Kwon e Zmud, 1987; Cooper
e Zmud, 1990; Rogers, 2003), e identificada a relevância dos mesmos em cada dimensão.
A investigação demonstra que os factores influenciadores do sucesso do EDI exercem
influências diferentes de acordo com características organizacionais, e também são distintos
os posicionamentos e benefícios obtidos pelas empresas com o uso do EDI. As conclusões a
que o estudo chegou foram validadas com o recurso à aplicação dos modelos teóricos de
Lummus e Duclos (1995) e de Massetti e Zmud (1996).
The EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) has brought a window of opportunity to the companies to become more competitive, not only through production processes and services, but also concerning organizational and management practices, wherein their entrepreneurial proactiveness plays a positive role in differentiation. One of the ways companies have found to improve coordination between the various economic agents and links of a commodity chain, relies in the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies, aiming for a more efficient and effective exchange of information and control, being the IOS (Interorganizational Systems) one of the means to operationalize such goals. EDI is perhaps the best known IOS, thus is used in the automotive industry for several years. The current research intends to indentify what factors: a) are critical to success during the start-up and implementation of EDI in the Portuguese automotive industry, ranking these factors according to their importance; b) promote a deeper integration of interorganizational systems based in EDI between business partners; c) understand the potential impact of EDI on the Portuguese automotive industry companies. Therefore, it’s our goal to debate these factors and their implication in the effective application of EDI. The research follows the critical perspective, whereby we try to comprehend and interpret the studied phenomenon, penetrating in its business background and professional environment of its agents. A contemporary event, the problematics over EDI ‘s critical factors in business context, deals with real-life situations, where reality is dynamic, evolutionary and interactive. Standing in the research area of Information Systems, we’ve chose the case study methodology. According to this, it were collected and analysed 40 questionnaires; from a set of ten companies it were made eighteen interviews with executives carrying responsibilities in the Information and Logistic Systems area. The factors indentified as being critical to EDI success were structured according the following dimensions: start-up; implementation; and integration (Kwon & Zmud, 1987; Cooper & Zmud, 1990; Rogers, 2003), being indentified their relevance on each dimension. This research points out that the influential factors to EDI’s success wield different levels of influence according to organizational characteristics, conducing to distinct positioning and advantages obtained by the companies using EDI. The conclusions of the current research were validated by the application of the theoretical models of Lummus & Duclos (1995) and Massetti & Zmud (1996).
The EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) has brought a window of opportunity to the companies to become more competitive, not only through production processes and services, but also concerning organizational and management practices, wherein their entrepreneurial proactiveness plays a positive role in differentiation. One of the ways companies have found to improve coordination between the various economic agents and links of a commodity chain, relies in the adoption of Information and Communication Technologies, aiming for a more efficient and effective exchange of information and control, being the IOS (Interorganizational Systems) one of the means to operationalize such goals. EDI is perhaps the best known IOS, thus is used in the automotive industry for several years. The current research intends to indentify what factors: a) are critical to success during the start-up and implementation of EDI in the Portuguese automotive industry, ranking these factors according to their importance; b) promote a deeper integration of interorganizational systems based in EDI between business partners; c) understand the potential impact of EDI on the Portuguese automotive industry companies. Therefore, it’s our goal to debate these factors and their implication in the effective application of EDI. The research follows the critical perspective, whereby we try to comprehend and interpret the studied phenomenon, penetrating in its business background and professional environment of its agents. A contemporary event, the problematics over EDI ‘s critical factors in business context, deals with real-life situations, where reality is dynamic, evolutionary and interactive. Standing in the research area of Information Systems, we’ve chose the case study methodology. According to this, it were collected and analysed 40 questionnaires; from a set of ten companies it were made eighteen interviews with executives carrying responsibilities in the Information and Logistic Systems area. The factors indentified as being critical to EDI success were structured according the following dimensions: start-up; implementation; and integration (Kwon & Zmud, 1987; Cooper & Zmud, 1990; Rogers, 2003), being indentified their relevance on each dimension. This research points out that the influential factors to EDI’s success wield different levels of influence according to organizational characteristics, conducing to distinct positioning and advantages obtained by the companies using EDI. The conclusions of the current research were validated by the application of the theoretical models of Lummus & Duclos (1995) and Massetti & Zmud (1996).
Description
Tese de Doutoramento em Gestão na especialidade de Informação apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Keywords
Gestão de empresas Indústria automóvel Sistemas de informação Estudo de casos Interorganizational systems Electronic data interchange EDI Information systems Automotive industry Case study Portugal
Citation
Negas, Mário Fernando Carrilho - A adopção do Electronic Data Interchange na indústria automóvel [Em linha] : um estudo nas empresas de componentes em Portugal. [Lisboa] : [s.n.], 2009. 494 p.