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A produção têxtil entre os séculos XIX e XX na região de Lisboa: a Fábrica do Benformoso
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Abstract(s)
Em Portugal, o século XIX começa com a assinatura do “Tratado da amizade e do comércio” com a Inglaterra, em 1810. Portugal acabaria por “perder” o Brasil, deixando de ter o algodão ao seu dispor, do qual eramos dependentes em relação ao estrangeiro. Com a Revolução de 1820 houve uma explosão industrial, criando-se 177 fábricas, 35 % das quais da indústria têxtil. No entanto o período seguinte ficou marcado pela guerra civil, que retirou capacidade financeira ao estado para investir na indústria. A chegada da primeira máquina a vapor a Portugal em 1835 e o combate ao Tratado com uma pauta criada em 1837 permitiram alguma evolução, apesar do atraso de Portugal relativamente a diversos países europeus. Depois de vários altos e baixos, foi em 1870, com a mecanização, que se verificou uma explosão da nossa indústria. Nos anos 90 do século XIX, a indústria têxtil cresceu muito com a abertura do mercado das colónias. Finalmente, já no século XX, a indústria ultrapassou a agricultura.
É intuito desta dissertação analisar a indústria têxtil em Lisboa, no período referido. Serão referidas quais eram as fábricas têxteis na região de Lisboa (que se situavam na frente ribeirinha, na zona oriental e na zona ocidental) assim como abordar os motivos da estagnação e declínio desta indústria em Lisboa. Como exemplo será feita uma análise mais especifica á Fábrica do Benformoso.
Nesta dissertação faremos também referência a Henrique Pereira Taveira, que foi presidente da Associação Industrial Portuguesa de 1893 até 1910.
In Portugal, the 19th century begins with the signing of the “Treaty of Friendship and Commerce” with England, in 1810. Portugal would end up “losing” Brazil, no longer having cotton at its disposal, on which we were dependent in relation to abroad. With the Revolution of 1820 there was an industrial explosion, creating 177 factories, 35% of which in the textile industry. However, the following period was marked by the civil war, which withdrew the financial capacity of the state to invest in industry. The arrival of the first steam engine in Portugal in 1835 and the fight against the Treaty with a tariff created in 1837 allowed for some evolution, despite Portugal's backwardness in relation to several European countries. After several ups and downs, it was in 1870, with mechanization, that our industry exploded. In the 90s of the 19th century, the textile industry grew a lot with the opening of the colonies market. Finally, already in the 20th century, industry overtook agriculture. It is the purpose of this dissertation to analyze the textile industry in Lisbon, in the referred period. It will be mentioned which and who were the textile factories in the Lisbon region (which were located on the riverfront, in the eastern and western zones) as well as addressing the reasons for the stagnation and decline of this industry in Lisbon. As an example, a more specific analysis will be made of the Benformoso Factory. In this dissertation we will also refer to Henrique Pereira Taveira, who was president of the Portuguese Industrial Association from 1893 to 1910.
In Portugal, the 19th century begins with the signing of the “Treaty of Friendship and Commerce” with England, in 1810. Portugal would end up “losing” Brazil, no longer having cotton at its disposal, on which we were dependent in relation to abroad. With the Revolution of 1820 there was an industrial explosion, creating 177 factories, 35% of which in the textile industry. However, the following period was marked by the civil war, which withdrew the financial capacity of the state to invest in industry. The arrival of the first steam engine in Portugal in 1835 and the fight against the Treaty with a tariff created in 1837 allowed for some evolution, despite Portugal's backwardness in relation to several European countries. After several ups and downs, it was in 1870, with mechanization, that our industry exploded. In the 90s of the 19th century, the textile industry grew a lot with the opening of the colonies market. Finally, already in the 20th century, industry overtook agriculture. It is the purpose of this dissertation to analyze the textile industry in Lisbon, in the referred period. It will be mentioned which and who were the textile factories in the Lisbon region (which were located on the riverfront, in the eastern and western zones) as well as addressing the reasons for the stagnation and decline of this industry in Lisbon. As an example, a more specific analysis will be made of the Benformoso Factory. In this dissertation we will also refer to Henrique Pereira Taveira, who was president of the Portuguese Industrial Association from 1893 to 1910.
Description
Keywords
Indústria têxtil Século XIX Século XX Lisboa Fábrica do Benformoso Henrique Pereira Taveira Textile industry 19th century 20th century Lisbon Benformoso factory
Citation
Emídio, Rui Manuel Ferreira - A produção têxtil entre os séculos XIX e XX na região de Lisboa [Em linha]: a Fábrica do Benformoso. [S.l.]: [s.n.], 2024. 135 p.