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Arsínoe II (dinastia ptolomaica)
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Abstract(s)
O objectivo principal deste texto é apresentar, com algum detalhe, a rainha Arsínoe II do Egipto (316-270 a.C.), uma das mais marcantes figuras da história do início do século III a. C. que se distinguiu por vários aspectos: desde logo, facto significativo, por ter sido três vezes rainha (basilissa), em três territórios distintos, pelo casamento com três reis diferentes; depois, por ter praticado ou ter ficado associada a actos singulares no panorama político-religioso da sua época, designadamente o casamento consanguíneo com o seu irmão Ptolomeu II Filadelfo, no Egipto, e a honra de por ele ter sido deificada post-mortem, sendo adorada como deusa de pleno direito nos templos egípcios ao lado das tradicionais divindades do panteão egípcio; testemunho eloquente da sua posição ímpar, por ser a primeira soberana ptolomaica a ser representada sozinha em moedas; elemento igualmente relevante, o facto de ter sido, como atestam documentos egípcios e documentos gregos, a primeira rainha ptolomaica a ser identificada com a deusa Ísis; não menos significativo, como expressão da sua excepcionalidade política, ter beneficiado em vida de expressivos títulos reais, como se de um faraó masculino da tradição egípcia se tratasse, e de ter ostentando, como as representações iconográficas egípcias testemunham, uma coroa própria, criada e desenvolvida para ela («coroa de Arsínoe»), que nenhuma outra rainha egípcia usou antes dela.
The main purpose of this text is to present, in some detail, Queen Arsínoe II of Egypt (316-270 BCE), one of history’s most remarkable figures of the beginning of the third century BC that distinguished herself for various reasons. First of all, she was a queen (basilissa) three different times, in three different territories, because she married three different kings. Then, she participated in or was associated to very peculiar acts in the political-religious scene of her time, namely, the consanguineous marriage with her brother Ptolemy II Philadelphos, in Egypt, and having had the honour of being deified by him after she died, and adored as a full right goddess in the Egyptian temples, side by side with the traditional deities of the Egyptian pantheon. She is also an eloquent testimony to her unique position, as she was the first Ptolemaic sovereign to be represented alone in Ptolemaic period coins. An equally revealing element is that she was, as the Egyptian and Greek documents state, the first Ptolemaic queen to be identified with the Egyptian goddess Isis. One must also point out that, as an expression of her political significance, she has benefited, both in life and after death, from noteworthy royal titles, similar to what we would see happen to the male pharaohs of the Egyptian tradition. Also, she displayed, as the iconographic Egyptian representations show, her own crown, created and developed for her (“Arsinoë crown”), that no other Egyptian queen wore before her.
The main purpose of this text is to present, in some detail, Queen Arsínoe II of Egypt (316-270 BCE), one of history’s most remarkable figures of the beginning of the third century BC that distinguished herself for various reasons. First of all, she was a queen (basilissa) three different times, in three different territories, because she married three different kings. Then, she participated in or was associated to very peculiar acts in the political-religious scene of her time, namely, the consanguineous marriage with her brother Ptolemy II Philadelphos, in Egypt, and having had the honour of being deified by him after she died, and adored as a full right goddess in the Egyptian temples, side by side with the traditional deities of the Egyptian pantheon. She is also an eloquent testimony to her unique position, as she was the first Ptolemaic sovereign to be represented alone in Ptolemaic period coins. An equally revealing element is that she was, as the Egyptian and Greek documents state, the first Ptolemaic queen to be identified with the Egyptian goddess Isis. One must also point out that, as an expression of her political significance, she has benefited, both in life and after death, from noteworthy royal titles, similar to what we would see happen to the male pharaohs of the Egyptian tradition. Also, she displayed, as the iconographic Egyptian representations show, her own crown, created and developed for her (“Arsinoë crown”), that no other Egyptian queen wore before her.
Description
Keywords
Egipto Ptolomaico Rainha Arsínoe II Casamento consanguíneo Culto real Coroa Ptolemaic Egypt Queen Arsinoë II Consanguineous marriage Royal cult Crown
Citation
«Arsínoe II (dinastia ptolomaica)» in Hapi. Revista da Associação Cultural de Amizade Portugal-Egipto, nº 7, Lisboa, Associação Cultural de Amizade Portugal-Egipto, 2019/2020, pp. 106-145
Publisher
Associação Cultural de Amizade Portugal-Egipto