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The circular economy: theoretical foundations, practical applications, and critical perspectives

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The transition from a linear "take-make-dispose" economic model to a circular economy represents one of the most significant paradigm shifts in contemporary economic and environmental discourse. This conceptual framework has emerged as a response to the increasing recognition of planetary boundaries, resource scarcity, and the environmental externalities associated with conventional economic systems (Rockström et al., 2009). The circular economy proposes a regenerative approach wherein products, materials, and resources maintain their utility and value for as long as possible, while waste generation is minimized through deliberate design, maintenance, repair, reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2015).

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Jacquinet, Marc (2025) The Circular Economy: Theoretical Foundations, Practical Applications, and Critical Perspectives. Universidade Aberta

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