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Políticas de língua e planejamento linguístico no Brasil e o novo ciclo imigratório em um Município do Rio Grande do Sul
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Resumo(s)
O Brasil recebe anualmente um grande contingente de imigrantes, com os maiores fluxos vindos de países da América do Sul e das Antilhas. Muitos dos recém-chegados não falam a língua portuguesa, e suas capacidades linguísticas estão a alterar o ambiente linguístico de muitas regiões com a inserção de idiomas como o espanhol, o francês e o crioulo haitiano. Com o objetivo de verificar as políticas de língua e planejamento linguístico voltados para os imigrantes no município de Encantado, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no Brasil, realizamos uma análise quali-quantitativa contendo dados coletados através de inquéritos realizados com docentes e imigrantes; buscamos na literatura informações sobre as políticas de língua desenvolvidas no Brasil e na área delimitada e cruzamos os dados com a literatura, suportados pelo modelo analítico histórico-estrutural. Nossos resultados mostraram que embora a pluralidade linguística no município seja evidente, as ações voltadas para a gestão linguística são recentes e ainda não incluíram os novos imigrantes: os esforços voltados para essa parcela da população estão limitados ao alunado estrangeiro, que é atendido por administrações escolares que agem com independência e sem apoio voltado para o problema. Concluímos que a língua portuguesa é a língua dominante e divide status com o italiano e com o dialeto talian, que embora possuam valor cultural dentro do município, não são línguas de uso; por outro lado, as línguas dos novos imigrantes não possuem status mas são amplamente utilizadas no cotidiano. Também concluímos que o ensino da língua portuguesa como língua não materna ou como língua de acolhimento carece de materiais didáticos e de profissionais habilitados; o ensino está ainda limitado aos imigrantes em idade escolar, enquanto a parcela de imigrantes trabalhadores permanece excluída das redes de ensino, sendo forçada a encontrar soluções de forma independente para resolver os seus problemas linguísticos.
Brazil receives a large influx of immigrants annually, with the highest flows coming from South American countries and the Antilles. Many of the newcomers do not speak Portuguese, and their linguistic abilities are changing the linguistic landscape of many regions by introducing languages such as Spanish, French, and Haitian Creole. To examine the language policies and language planning aimed at immigrants in the municipality of Encantado, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, we conducted a qualitative-quantitative analysis using data collected through surveys with teachers and immigrants; we explored literature on language policies developed in Brazil and the specific region, cross-referencing the data with the literature, supported by the historical-structural model of analysis. Our results showed that although linguistic diversity in the municipality is evident, actions directed at language management are recent and have not yet included the new immigrants: efforts directed at this population are limited to foreign students, who are served by school administrations that act independently and without support focused on the issue. We concluded that Portuguese is the dominant language and shares status with Italian and the Talian dialect, which, although culturally valuable within the municipality, are not languages of use; on the other hand, the languages of the new immigrants have no status but are widely used in daily life. We also concluded that the teaching of Portuguese as a non-native language or as a welcoming language lacks teaching materials and qualified professionals; education is still limited to school-aged immigrants, while the working immigrant population remains excluded from educational networks, being forced to find solutions independently to address their linguistic issues.
Brazil receives a large influx of immigrants annually, with the highest flows coming from South American countries and the Antilles. Many of the newcomers do not speak Portuguese, and their linguistic abilities are changing the linguistic landscape of many regions by introducing languages such as Spanish, French, and Haitian Creole. To examine the language policies and language planning aimed at immigrants in the municipality of Encantado, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, we conducted a qualitative-quantitative analysis using data collected through surveys with teachers and immigrants; we explored literature on language policies developed in Brazil and the specific region, cross-referencing the data with the literature, supported by the historical-structural model of analysis. Our results showed that although linguistic diversity in the municipality is evident, actions directed at language management are recent and have not yet included the new immigrants: efforts directed at this population are limited to foreign students, who are served by school administrations that act independently and without support focused on the issue. We concluded that Portuguese is the dominant language and shares status with Italian and the Talian dialect, which, although culturally valuable within the municipality, are not languages of use; on the other hand, the languages of the new immigrants have no status but are widely used in daily life. We also concluded that the teaching of Portuguese as a non-native language or as a welcoming language lacks teaching materials and qualified professionals; education is still limited to school-aged immigrants, while the working immigrant population remains excluded from educational networks, being forced to find solutions independently to address their linguistic issues.
Descrição
Mestrado em Português Língua Não Materna, apresentada à Universidade Aberta
Palavras-chave
Política de língua Planeamento linguístico Segunda língua Aquisição de língua portuguesa Imigração Encantado Rio Grande do Sul Brasil Language policy and language planning Second language Acquisition of portuguese Immigration Brazil